Tehran University of Medical Sciences Nursing Practice Today 2383-1154 1 4 2015 10 14 207 212 EN Elham Shakibazadeh Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Rana Bayat Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery AND Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Azam Tahernejad Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery AND Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. Sonia Sepehri Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery AND Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background & Aim: The causes of increased rate of Cesarean section (C-section) are not completely known. The repeated C-sections are frequently reported in studies conducted in Iran. This study aimed to determine the frequency of, and indications for the first time Csection (FCS) in Zanjan, Iran in 2012-2013. Methods & Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted and systematic random sampling was used to select medical records of delivered women. We provided a selfstructured short questionnaire. Data were collected from the medical records and analyzed using independent sample t-test, and Chi-square test. Results: A total of 4563 women have been delivered during the period of the study from which 1928 cases (42.25%) underwent C-section. Among women who had C-section, 1144 cases (59.3%) underwent first time C-section. The three most frequent indications for FCS were prolonged labor (35.2%), meconium staining (22.2%), and fetal distress (21.9%). Conclusion: The frequency of FCS is high in Zanjan, Iran. Adequate following of programs to diminish the percentage of first time C-section and increase the number of vaginal birth would significantly reduce the prevalence of C-sections. https://npt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/npt/article/view/30 https://npt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/npt/article/download/30/30