Tehran University of Medical Sciences Nursing Practice Today 2383-1154 12 1 2024 12 30 85 97 Kayvan Mirnia Children Medical Center Pediatric Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Jason W. Osborne Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA Hamid Sharif-Nia Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran David Sánchez-Teruel Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nasim Mirzaei School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 06 2024 12 01 Background & Aims: Little is known about managing delirium in neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. The current study investigated whether kangaroo mother care can affect neonates' delirium under non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Materials & Methods: In this randomized control trial, a total of 50 term neonates who were under non-invasive mechanical ventilation were allocated to intervention and control groups (n=25 in each group) using block randomization. Utilizing “Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium”, and “ACoRN respiratory sequence protocol”, the data were gathered at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours after. The intervention group received 30 minutes of kangaroo mother care daily. Results: There was a statistical delirium mean scores difference between the two groups on day 2 (p < 0.045) but not on other days. Repeated measures modeling (linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models) indicated significant differences in change curves for both Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium scores and the incidence of delirium. Conclusion: Implementing kangaroo mother care for a 30-minute duration each day for neonates under non-invasive mechanical ventilation may markedly decrease delirium occurrence. https://npt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/npt/article/view/3405 https://npt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/npt/article/download/3405/641