<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Nursing Practice Today">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Nursing Practice Today</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2383-1154</Issn>
      <Volume>0</Volume>
      <Issue>0</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>04</Month>
        <Day>11</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">The experience of double stigma among LGBT people living with HIV in Lampung, Indonesia: A qualitative study</title>
    <FirstPage>4837</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>4837</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Ikhwan</FirstName>
        <LastName>Amirudin</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia AND Faculty of Health, Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu, Pringsewu Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Agung</FirstName>
        <LastName>Waluyo</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Muhammad</FirstName>
        <LastName>Akbar</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Nursing, Univesitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Dhian Luluh</FirstName>
        <LastName>Rohmawati</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Univesity, Jakarta, Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Nor</FirstName>
        <LastName>Aziyan</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Riska Hediya</FirstName>
        <LastName>Putri</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Health, Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu, Pringsewu Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>12</Month>
        <Day>25</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>28</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Background &amp; Aim: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people living with HIV in Indonesia experience double stigma related to HIV status and sexual or gender identity across family, community, and health-care settings. Sociocultural and religious norms in Indonesia reinforce moral judgment and social exclusion, and these pressures reduce psychological well-being, social safety, and continuity of HIV care. Indonesian studies mostly examine HIV-related stigma and LGBT-related stigma separately, so evidence remains limited on how both forms of stigma interact as double stigma.
Materials &amp; Methods: A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological design used purposive sampling to recruit 18 LGBT people living with HIV from community-based settings in Lampung, Indonesia. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews between August and October 2025. The researchers conducted in-depth face-to-face interviews and analyzed manually using Colaizzi&#x2019;s method to identify core themes of lived experience.
Results: The analysis identified three main themes and eight interrelated subthemes reflecting participants&#x2019; experiences of dual stigma. The themes included Identity Struggles Under HIV and LGBT Stigma, Family Responses to HIV and LGBT Identity, and Community Reactions to HIV and LGBT Identity.
Conclusion: Individuals living with HIV from LGBT backgrounds experience intersecting forms of stigma that affect their identity, family dynamics, and community participation. Addressing both HIV-related and identity-based stigma is essential to reduce psychosocial distress and promote inclusive support systems. These findings underscore the urgent need for family- and community-engaged interventions to safeguard holistic well-being and sustain HIV care among LGBT people living with HIV.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://npt.tums.ac.ir/index.php/npt/article/view/4837</web_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
