Effectiveness of auditory sensory stimulation on level of consciousness and cognitive function in traumatic brain injury patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Abstract
Background & Aim: Coma is one of the severe complications of traumatic brain injury. The study aimed to determine the effect of auditory sensory stimulation on the level of consciousness and cognitive function of patients with traumatic brain injury.
Methods & Materials: This study is a triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial on 60 patients with traumatic brain injury selected using consecutive sampling. They were then randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The patients in the intervention group received auditory sensory stimulation (twice a day for 15 minutes), while those in the control group only received the routine sounds of the ward (through headphones) for six days. The data were measured using the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Rancho Los Amigos Scale daily. SPSS software version 22 and descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
Results: According to the independent samples t-test, there was a significant increase in the level of consciousness on the third, fifth, and sixth days after the intervention among the patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (P=0.001). The findings of two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that auditory sensory stimulation could lead to a statistically significant improvement in the cognitive function of patients in the intervention group compared to the control group (P= 0.003).
Conclusion: Because of the improvement of the level of consciousness and cognitive function resulting from auditory sensory stimulation, this method is recommended to improve consciousness and cognitive function in patients with traumatic brain injury.
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6. Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, Baticulon RE, Hung YC, Punchak M, Agrawal A, Adeleye AO, Shrime MG, Rubiano AM, Rosenfeld JV. Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018 Apr 27;130(4):1080-97.
7. Froutan R, Eghbali M, Hoseini SH, Mazloom SR, Yekaninejad MS, Boostani R. The effect of music therapy on physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injury: A triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2020 Aug 1;40:101216.
8. Oyesanya TO, Thomas MA, Brown RL, Turkstra LS. Nurses' beliefs about caring for patients with traumatic brain injury. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;38(9):1114-38.
9. Eghbali M, Khankeh H, Hosseini SA, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Ebadi A. Early Rehabilitation Care for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Concept Analysis Study. Trauma Monthly. 2020 Sep 1;25(5):212-9.
10. Yadak M, Ansari KA, Qutub H, Al-Otaibi H, Al-Omar O, Al-Onizi N, Farooqi FA. The effect of listening to holy Quran recitation on weaning patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit: A Pilot Study. Journal of Religion and Health. 2019 Feb;58(1):64-73.
11. Rahimi F, Salehi K, Seidi J. The effect of pleasant audio stimulation on the level of consciousness of comatose patient: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2019;35(2):985-97.
12. Schnakers C, Magee WL, Harris B. Sensory stimulation and music therapy programs for treating disorders of consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016 Mar 7;7:297.
13. Othman SY, Mohamed AM, El-Soussi AH, El-Monaem SA, Ahmed FR. Effect of integrative nursing practices on cognitive recovery among severe traumatic brain injury patients. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2020;10(10):75-89.
14. Park S, Davis AE. Effectiveness of direct and non‐direct auditory stimulation on coma arousal after traumatic brain injury. International Journal of Nrsing Practice. 2016 Aug;22(4):391-6.
15. YekeFallah L, Aghae F, Azimian J, Heidari MA, Hasandoost F. Tactile stimulation improves consciousness and vital signs in patients with traumatic brain injury. Nursing2020 Critical Care. 2018 Nov 1;13(6):18-22.
16. Grimm T, Kreutz G. Music interventions in disorders of consciousness (DOC)–a systematic review. Brain Injury. 2018 May 12;32(6):704-14.
17. Perrin F, Castro M, Tillmann B, Luauté J. Promoting the use of personally relevant stimuli for investigating patients with disorders of consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015 Jul 30;6:1102.
18. Castro M, Tillmann B, Luauté J, Corneyllie A, Dailler F, André-Obadia N, Perrin F. Boosting cognition with music in patients with disorders of consciousness. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2015 Sep;29(8):734-42.
19. Khojeh A, Sajjadi M, Ajam H. The effect of the organized auditory stimulation with a familiar voice on pain intensity and physiological indices of comatose patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2018;6(3):69-77.
20. Mohammadi MK, Yeganeh MR, Ebrahimzadeh AM, Roshan ZA, Soodmand M, Pouralizadeh M. The effects of familiar voices on the level of consciousness among comatose patients: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2019;27(2):1-8.
21. Sullivan EG, Guernon A, Blabas B, Herrold AA, Pape TL. Familiar auditory sensory training in chronic traumatic brain injury: a case study. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2018 Apr 10;40(8):945-51.
22. Thaut MH, Gardiner JC, Holmberg D, Horwitz J, Kent L, Andrews G, Donelan B, McIntosh GR. Neurologic music therapy improves executive function and emotional adjustment in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009 Jul;1169(1):406-16.
23. Sargolzaei K, Shaghaee Fallah M, Aghebati N, Esmaily H, Farzadfard M. Effect of a structured sensory stimulation program on the sensory function of patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness. Evidence Based Care. 2017;7(2):7-16.
24. Sanchez-Sanchez MM, Sanchez-Izquierdo R, Sanchez-Munoz EI, Martinez-Yegles I, Fraile-Gamo MP, Arias-Rivera S. Interobserver reliability of the Glasgow coma scale in critically ill patients with neurological and/or neurosurgical disease. Enfermería Intensiva. 2013 Dec 3;25(1):15-23.
25. Lin K, Wroten M. Ranchos Los Amigos. 2022 Aug 22. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 28846341.
26. Moattari M, Shirazi FA, Sharifi N, Zareh N. Effects of a sensory stimulation by nurses and families on level of cognitive function, and basic cognitive sensory recovery of comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A randomized control trial. Trauma Monthly. 2016 Apr 25;21(4):e23531.
27. Hoseinzadeh E, Shan GR, Vakili MA, Kazemnejad K. Effect of auditory stimulation on consciousness in coma patients with head injury: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2017 Jul 1;4(3):82-8.
28. Faozi E, Fadlilah S, Dwiyanto Y, Retnaningsih LN, Krisnanto PD, Sumarni. Effects of a Multimodal Sensory Stimulation Intervention on Glasgow Coma Scale Scores in Stroke Patients with Unconsciousness. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2021 Dec;33(6):649-656.
29. Çevik K, Namik E. Effect of auditory stimulation on the level of consciousness in comatose patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2018 Dec 1;50(6):375-80.
2. Eghbali M, Khankeh H, Hosseini SA, Ebadi A, Rahimi-Movaghar V. Factors affecting the implementation of early rehabilitation care in patients with traumatic brain injury: A multidisciplinary perspective. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2021 Nov 4;35:147.
3. Ghawami H, Jazayeri SB, Nowsud AS, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Shirvani A, Kheyri M, Zadegan SA, Noorian N, Mohammadian F, Yarandi KK, Azad A. National guidelines for cognitive assessment and rehabilitation of Iranian traumatic brain injury patients. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2020;23(12):813-20.
4. Cheng P, Yin P, Ning P, Wang L, Cheng X, Liu Y, Schwebel DC, Liu J, Qi J, Hu G, Zhou M. Trends in traumatic brain injury mortality in China, 2006–2013: A population-based longitudinal study. PLoS Medicine. 2017 Jul 11;14(7):e1002332.
5. Oberholzer M, Müri RM. Neurorehabilitation of traumatic brain injury (TBI): a clinical review. Medical Sciences. 2019 Mar 18;7(3):47.
6. Dewan MC, Rattani A, Gupta S, Baticulon RE, Hung YC, Punchak M, Agrawal A, Adeleye AO, Shrime MG, Rubiano AM, Rosenfeld JV. Estimating the global incidence of traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2018 Apr 27;130(4):1080-97.
7. Froutan R, Eghbali M, Hoseini SH, Mazloom SR, Yekaninejad MS, Boostani R. The effect of music therapy on physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injury: A triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2020 Aug 1;40:101216.
8. Oyesanya TO, Thomas MA, Brown RL, Turkstra LS. Nurses' beliefs about caring for patients with traumatic brain injury. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2016;38(9):1114-38.
9. Eghbali M, Khankeh H, Hosseini SA, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Ebadi A. Early Rehabilitation Care for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Concept Analysis Study. Trauma Monthly. 2020 Sep 1;25(5):212-9.
10. Yadak M, Ansari KA, Qutub H, Al-Otaibi H, Al-Omar O, Al-Onizi N, Farooqi FA. The effect of listening to holy Quran recitation on weaning patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit: A Pilot Study. Journal of Religion and Health. 2019 Feb;58(1):64-73.
11. Rahimi F, Salehi K, Seidi J. The effect of pleasant audio stimulation on the level of consciousness of comatose patient: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Medica Mediterranea. 2019;35(2):985-97.
12. Schnakers C, Magee WL, Harris B. Sensory stimulation and music therapy programs for treating disorders of consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology. 2016 Mar 7;7:297.
13. Othman SY, Mohamed AM, El-Soussi AH, El-Monaem SA, Ahmed FR. Effect of integrative nursing practices on cognitive recovery among severe traumatic brain injury patients. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2020;10(10):75-89.
14. Park S, Davis AE. Effectiveness of direct and non‐direct auditory stimulation on coma arousal after traumatic brain injury. International Journal of Nrsing Practice. 2016 Aug;22(4):391-6.
15. YekeFallah L, Aghae F, Azimian J, Heidari MA, Hasandoost F. Tactile stimulation improves consciousness and vital signs in patients with traumatic brain injury. Nursing2020 Critical Care. 2018 Nov 1;13(6):18-22.
16. Grimm T, Kreutz G. Music interventions in disorders of consciousness (DOC)–a systematic review. Brain Injury. 2018 May 12;32(6):704-14.
17. Perrin F, Castro M, Tillmann B, Luauté J. Promoting the use of personally relevant stimuli for investigating patients with disorders of consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology. 2015 Jul 30;6:1102.
18. Castro M, Tillmann B, Luauté J, Corneyllie A, Dailler F, André-Obadia N, Perrin F. Boosting cognition with music in patients with disorders of consciousness. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2015 Sep;29(8):734-42.
19. Khojeh A, Sajjadi M, Ajam H. The effect of the organized auditory stimulation with a familiar voice on pain intensity and physiological indices of comatose patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2018;6(3):69-77.
20. Mohammadi MK, Yeganeh MR, Ebrahimzadeh AM, Roshan ZA, Soodmand M, Pouralizadeh M. The effects of familiar voices on the level of consciousness among comatose patients: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2019;27(2):1-8.
21. Sullivan EG, Guernon A, Blabas B, Herrold AA, Pape TL. Familiar auditory sensory training in chronic traumatic brain injury: a case study. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2018 Apr 10;40(8):945-51.
22. Thaut MH, Gardiner JC, Holmberg D, Horwitz J, Kent L, Andrews G, Donelan B, McIntosh GR. Neurologic music therapy improves executive function and emotional adjustment in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2009 Jul;1169(1):406-16.
23. Sargolzaei K, Shaghaee Fallah M, Aghebati N, Esmaily H, Farzadfard M. Effect of a structured sensory stimulation program on the sensory function of patients with stroke-induced disorder of consciousness. Evidence Based Care. 2017;7(2):7-16.
24. Sanchez-Sanchez MM, Sanchez-Izquierdo R, Sanchez-Munoz EI, Martinez-Yegles I, Fraile-Gamo MP, Arias-Rivera S. Interobserver reliability of the Glasgow coma scale in critically ill patients with neurological and/or neurosurgical disease. Enfermería Intensiva. 2013 Dec 3;25(1):15-23.
25. Lin K, Wroten M. Ranchos Los Amigos. 2022 Aug 22. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan–. PMID: 28846341.
26. Moattari M, Shirazi FA, Sharifi N, Zareh N. Effects of a sensory stimulation by nurses and families on level of cognitive function, and basic cognitive sensory recovery of comatose patients with severe traumatic brain injury: A randomized control trial. Trauma Monthly. 2016 Apr 25;21(4):e23531.
27. Hoseinzadeh E, Shan GR, Vakili MA, Kazemnejad K. Effect of auditory stimulation on consciousness in coma patients with head injury: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2017 Jul 1;4(3):82-8.
28. Faozi E, Fadlilah S, Dwiyanto Y, Retnaningsih LN, Krisnanto PD, Sumarni. Effects of a Multimodal Sensory Stimulation Intervention on Glasgow Coma Scale Scores in Stroke Patients with Unconsciousness. Korean J Adult Nurs. 2021 Dec;33(6):649-656.
29. Çevik K, Namik E. Effect of auditory stimulation on the level of consciousness in comatose patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing. 2018 Dec 1;50(6):375-80.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 4 (2022): Autumn | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v9i4.11206 | |
| Keywords | ||
| auditory stimulation cognitive function level of consciousness traumatic brain injury | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hoseini SH, Eghbali M, Froutan R, Mazloom SR, Yekaninejad MS, Boostani R. Effectiveness of auditory sensory stimulation on level of consciousness and cognitive function in traumatic brain injury patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. NPT. 2022;9(4):349-359.
