In the current times, there is an increasing need to recognize the impact of social and structural factors impacting health care and care experiences of individuals. Increased structural vulnerabilities (e.g., structural stigma and discrimination) among individuals from underserved populations result in inequalities. The term health inequalities broadly refers to health differences and social structures, including health-damaging behaviors and unjust health conditions among underserved populations.

Background & Aim: Assessing team performance is crucial in developing effective management strategies within healthcare. Therefore, identifying reliable tools that accurately measure team competencies is essential. This study aims to review the existing evidence on valid instruments to evaluate high-performance teams in healthcare.
Methods & Materials: A scoping review was conducted according to the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study was based on the PCC framework (Population, Concept, and Context), concentrating on healthcare teams (population), tools for evaluating high-performance teams (concept), and all areas of professional practice (context). The literature search included databases such as CINAHL Complete (EBSCO), LILACS (BVS), MEDLINE Complete (PubMed), PsycINFO (EBSCO), and Scopus. Grey literature was searched on WorldCat and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. Study selection took place in two stages: an initial screening of titles and abstracts to identify relevant studies, followed by a full-text review of the selected articles.
Results: Initially identified 1,104 articles and selected six for inclusion in this review. Four instruments were recognized for assessing high-performance teams in healthcare: the Mayo High Performance Teamwork Scale, the Ottawa Crisis Resource Management Global Rating Scale, the Trust, and the Team Performance Observation Tool.
Conclusion: The primary contribution of this study was the identification of tools that provide constructive feedback to facilitate the ongoing development of high-performance teams. The implementation of systematic, evidence-based strategies supported by these evaluation tools fosters a data-driven approach to clinical decision-making and enhances the overall quality of care.

Background & Aim: Skin injuries are frequent hospital complications, and the role of artificial intelligence in management remains unclear. This review aimed to identify, map, and analyze the evidence on the use of artificial intelligence in the assessment, monitoring, and management of skin injuries in hospitalized patients worldwide.
Methods & Materials: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Searches were carried out in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SciELO, BVS, LILACS, and the CAPES thesis and dissertation catalog. Eligible sources included primary studies, technical notes, dissertations, and theses. All references were organized in EndNote Web and transferred to Rayyan to support duplicate removal and facilitate screening by reviewers.
Results: The search resulted in the identification of 1,240 studies, of which eight were included and published in English. Most studies are technological development studies with samples ranging from 10 to 5,729 images or participants. Studies have shown that artificial intelligence techniques applied to pressure injuries, including Convolutional Neural Networks, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, improve detection, measurement, classification, risk prediction, and clinical decision support, potentially reducing workload and enhancing care safety.
Conclusion: The application of artificial intelligence in the domain of skin injuries revealed a variety of uses. However, it was predominantly focused on the specific context of pressure injuries in hospitalized individuals. Consequently, a noticeable gap in the literature was identified regarding alternative categories of injuries affecting this population segment.

Background & Aim: Prematurity is the leading cause of death among children under five years of age globally. Alarmingly, in low-income countries, more than 90% of extremely preterm-born babies die within the first few days of life. Kangaroo care is an effective method in the management of preterm babies. The study aimed to explore perceptions and experiences of postnatal mothers on Kangaroo care at a selected hospital in Sri Lanka.
Methods & Materials: This exploratory descriptive qualitative study was carried out with seventeen purposively selected postnatal mothers who were practicing Kangaroo care in the Neonatal Care Unit at District General Hospital in Kalutara, Sri Lanka. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews using an interview guide between the period of July 2021 and November 2021. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The inductive content analysis method described by Graneheim and Lundman was employed for data analysis.
Results: Participants were mainly Sinhalese, married, and aged between 20-40 years. The analysis revealed one overarching theme: ‘Despite the obstacles, Kangaroo care is a blessing,’ which was further characterized by two main categories: positive perceptions and experiences, and negative perceptions and experiences. Positive perceptions and experiences are described under good practice, supportive role, and benefits. Negative perceptions and experiences are described under separation and obstacles.
Conclusion: The participating mothers’ perceptions and experiences of Kangaroo care blended with both positive and negative dimensions, which were shaped by contextual factors; hence, addressing these factors is imperative for the successful implementation of Kangaroo care.

Background & Aim: Work interruptions during medication administration increase the risk of errors, compromising patient safety and underscoring the need to examine the complex challenges nurses face in ensuring medication safety. The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ experiences with interruptions during medication administration, their sources, impacts, and how nurses responded to and managed these situations.
Methods & Materials: A qualitative design was used, and in-depth interviews were conducted with sixteen nurses from tertiary hospitals in Korea using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis based on an initial coding scheme.
Results: Three main themes and 10 sub-themes emerged from the analysis. Nurses reported interruptions from various sources, including healthcare colleagues, external departments, patients and caregivers, and environmental factors. These interruptions resulted in workflow fragmentation, elevated medication error risk, and significant emotional burden. In response, nurses employed various individual coping mechanisms while also identifying the need for organizational support.
Conclusion: Interruptions during medication administration stem from multiple sources and impose significant risks for errors, workflow disruption, and emotional burden on nurses. This study suggests that context-sensitive strategies, such as standardizing communication, delegating non-urgent requests, and enhancing education for healthcare providers, patients, and caregivers, are essential to reduce avoidable interruptions while supporting safe medication practices.

Background & Aim: Understanding the predicting factors that influence complicated grief (CG) among Iranians after COVID-19 losses is critical for developing targeted support and intervention strategies. The purpose of this research was to examine the predictors of complicated grief (CG) among Iranians who had lost a family member during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive–correlational study was undertaken between December 2022 and August 2023. A total of 150 relatives of COVID-19 victims were recruited using convenience sampling, in accordance with the study’s inclusion criteria. Data collection employed the Burdened by Grief and Loss questionnaire, the Inventory of Complicated Grief, the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and a measure of pandemic-related burden. Relationships between variables were analyzed via chi-square tests, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v. 26 software.
Results: The likelihood of developing CG among women compared to men was 3.77 times higher (p<0.001, OR=3.77 (1.39, 10.27)), and the chance of CG in close family members compared to distant relatives was 4.55 times higher (p<0.001, OR=4.55 (1.73, 11.92)). An increase in psychological well-being score significantly lowered the likelihood of CG in bereaved companions (p<0.001, OR= 0.86 (0.80, 0.92)); however, an increase in being burdened by grief and loss scale significantly augmented the likelihood of CG in bereaved companions (p<0.001, OR=1.11(1.06, 1.16)). However, an increase in the Burdened by Grief and Loss score significantly increased the likelihood of complicated grief in bereaved companions (p<0.001, OR=1.11(1.06, 1.16)). The prevalence of CG in Iranian people who have lost their family members because of COVID-19 was higher compared to similar studies.
Conclusion: According to the results, female gender, close kinship with the deceased, and heavier psychological burden of loss elevated the likelihood of CG, while stronger mental health appeared to buffer against it. Given the key role of nurses in bereavement care and referral, there is a need for structured, supportive interventions and psychological services, ideally provided through clinical guidelines or service packages tailored for vulnerable groups.