Background & Aim: Family caregivers of stroke survivors often assume complex responsibilities with limited preparation, while evidence on how best to support them remains fragmented. This review aimed to map evidence on family caregiver preparedness in stroke care and use the findings to develop a conceptual framework.
Methods & Materials: A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and reported according to guidance for scoping reviews. MEDLINE via Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect were searched for peer-reviewed English-language studies published from 2014 to 2025. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies examining preparedness, related frameworks, tools, or interventions were included. Studies involving paid caregivers, paediatric stroke, or psychosocial outcomes without reference to preparedness were excluded. Findings were synthesised descriptively and thematically.
Results: Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Four examined frameworks, assessment tools, or interventions, and 18 reported preparedness levels and associated factors. Preparedness was generally low to moderate. Three contextual domains shaped caregiving demands: stroke survivor clinical characteristics, caregiving roles and responsibilities, and family caregiver characteristics. Psychosocial and emotional factors and social and supportive resources moderated the relationship between demands and preparedness. These domains were integrated into a framework describing preparedness as a changing balance between caregiving demands and available resources across the stroke care continuum.
Conclusion: Family caregiver preparedness is multidimensional and changes over time. The proposed framework may support assessment, follow-up, and intervention design, but requires empirical and stakeholder validation.

Background & Aim: Patients with mental disorders frequently experience limitations in activity and social participation, potentially disrupting recovery and social reintegration. Accurate assessment of these limitations is essential for treatment planning and rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Mini-International Classification of Functioning and disability-rating for limitations of activities and participation in psychological disorders.
Methods & Materials: This methodological study was conducted in 2025 among patients discharged from the psychiatric wards. Following forward–backward translation, face and content validity were assessed by 11 experts. Construct validity was evaluated using Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis in 193 patients. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.
Results: All items demonstrated satisfactory face and content validity, with no item removed. Content Validity Ratio values ranged from 0.63 to 1.00, while the overall Scale-level Content Validity Index was 0.88, indicating acceptable but slightly below-threshold content validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis identified a three-factor structure explaining 51.13% of the total variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed acceptable model fit. Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 overall, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the total scale was 0.796, indicating satisfactory internal consistency and stability.
Conclusion: The Persian Mini-International Classification of Function and Disability Rating for limitations of Activities and Participation in Psychological disorders demonstrates acceptable face, content, and three-factor structural validity. However, the low internal consistency of the third factor and suboptimal Tucker–Lewis Index fit warrant caution in interpreting subscale scores.