Compliance with standard precautions, sharp injuries, and blood and body fluid exposure among healthcare workers
Abstract
Background & Aim: Healthcare workers are exposed to certain infectious diseases through needlestick injuries and exposure to blood and other bodily fluids. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of needlestick injuries and blood and other body fluids exposure among healthcare workers at Namazi Hospital in Shiraz, Iran.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 656 Healthcare workers, including students and staff in medical, nursing, laboratory, service, and operating room groups, at the Namazi Hospital, in 2019. A questionnaire with four parts, including demographics, questions about using sharps containers, needle recapping, masks, and glasses, and the experience of sharps injuries or blood and body fluid exposure and reporting them, was distributed using the quota sampling method. To analyze the results, the T‑test and Chi-square test were performed.
Results: Nearly 75.2% of the participants always used sharps containers, and 21.7% never recapped syringes. Sharps injuries and blood and body fluid exposure occurred in 40.7% and 39.8% of the participants. Occupation (P<0.001), being a student (P: 0.048), and age (P: 0.008) were associated with sharp injuries. Occupation (P: 0.001), gender (P: 0.016), and age (P<0.001) differed in exposed and no exposed participants to blood and body fluids. The prevalence of reporting exposure was not significantly different between men and women, occupation groups, students and staff, and different ages (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: Hospital managers should provide effective educational interventions to protect against occupational hazard exposures. Also, they should provide protective equipment for Healthcare workers.
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18. Korkmaz N, Şentürk GÇ, Tekin A, Gürbüz Y, Sevinç G, Tütüncü EE, Şencan İ. Rates of underreported needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in Turkey: in the light of Infection Control Committee data. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2022 Apr 1;34(2). doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzac012.
19. Papadopoli R, Bianco A, Pepe D, Pileggi C, Pavia M. Sharps and needle-stick injuries among medical residents and healthcare professional students: pattern and reporting in Italy—a cross-sectional analytical study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2019 Oct 1;76(10):739-45. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105873.
20. Lakbala P, Sobhani G, Lakbala M, Inaloo KD, Mahmoodi H. Sharps injuries in the operating room. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2014 Sep;19(5):348-53. doi: 10.1007/s12199-014-0401-y. Epub 2014 Aug 1. PMID: 25082440; PMCID: PMC4166588.
21. Badiee Aval S, Yaghoobi M, Ezzati MH, Ziaee M, Vafaeenejad R, Bakhtiari G, Mostafavi I, Samiee Daluee B. Needlestick injuries in healthcare workers in the North East of Iran. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement. 2017 Apr 1;5(2):509-12.
22. Bairami F, Kasani E, Ghorbanpoor M, Bairami A, Pasban-Noghabi S. Needlestick and Sharp Injuries Incidents among Iranian Healthcare Workers: an Updated Survey in Iran. International Journal of Hospital Research. 2014;3(2):79-82.
23. Askarian M, Shaghaghian S, Gillen M, Assadian O. Body fluid exposure in nurses of Fars province, Southern Iran. Archives of Iran Medicine. 2008 Sep;11(5):515-21. PMID: 18759518.
24. Markovic-Denic L, Maksimovic N, Marusic V, Vucicevic J, Ostric I, Djuric D. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health-care workers in Serbia. Medical principles and Practice. 2015 Nov 1;24(1):36-41.
25. Jahangiri M, Rostamabadi A, Hoboubi N, Tadayon N, Soleimani A. Needle Stick Injuries and their Related Safety Measures among Nurses in a University Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Saf Health Work. 2016 Mar;7(1):72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Aug 4. PMID: 27014494; PMCID: PMC4792920.
2. Mengistu DA, Dirirsa G, Mati E, Ayele DM, Bayu K, Deriba W, Alemu FK, Demmu YM, Asefa YA, Geremew A. Global Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Workers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 2022 Jun 3;2022:5732046. doi: 10.1155/2022/5732046. PMID: 35692264; PMCID: PMC9187485.
3. Hassanipour S, Sepandi M, Tavakkol R, Jabbari M, Rabiei H, Malakoutikhah M, Fathalipour M, Pourtaghi G. Epidemiology and risk factors of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in Iran: a systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2021 Apr 1;26(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12199-021-00965-x. PMID: 33794759; PMCID: PMC8015057.
4. Zadi Akhuleh O, Nasiri E, Heidari M, Bazari Z. Frequency of sharp injuries and its related factors among high‑risk wards staff. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences. 2019 Oct 1;6(4):204-9.
5. Bazie GW. Factors associated with needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers in North East Ethiopia. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy. 2020 Nov 3:2449-56. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S284049. PMID: 33177900; PMCID: PMC7650025.
6. Beyamo A, Dodicho T, Facha W. Compliance with standard precaution practices and associated factors among health care workers in Dawuro Zone, South West Ethiopia, cross sectional study. BMC Health Services Research. 2019 Dec;19(1):1-6. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4172-4. PMID: 31196064; PMCID: PMC6567427.
7. Darawad MW, Al-Hussami M. Jordanian nursing students' knowledge of, attitudes towards, and compliance with infection control precautions. Nurse Education Today. 2013 Jun 1;33(6):580-3. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2012.06.009. Epub 2012 Jul 11. PMID: 22789874.
8. Nugmanova Z, Patel N, Nurbakhyt A, Akhmetova GM, Kovtunenko N, Trumova Z, McNutt LA. Universal precautions in Central Asia: the need for multiple strategies in this window of opportunity. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2015 Mar 1;89(3):197-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.11.011. Epub 2014 Dec 24. PMID: 25623208.
9. Danaei M, McLaws ML, Shayan Z, Momeni M, Aminnia S, Yaghout Y, Fereidoni F, Groot G, Askarian A, Askarian M. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Toward Isolation Precautions Amongst Nurses and Auxiliary Nurses in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2022 Feb 28;23(2).
10. Belachew YB, Lema TB, Germossa GN, Adinew YM. Blood/body fluid exposure and needle stick/sharp injury among nurses working in public hospitals; Southwest Ethiopia. Frontiers in public health. 2017 Nov 27;5:299. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00299
11. Fereidouni Z, Amirkhani M, Salami J, Najafi Kalyani M. Needle stick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in Fasa city, Southwestern Iran, 2017. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology. 2019 Jul 10;8(3):156-62.
12. Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Naghipour M, Asgharnezhad M. Needlestick Injuries among Healthcare Workers: Why They Do Not Report their Incidence? Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2018 Sep-Oct;23(5):382-387. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_74_17.PMID: 30186344; PMCID: PMC6111658.
13. Rezaei S, Hajizadeh M, Zandian H, Fathi A, Nouri B. Period prevalence and reporting rate of needlestick injuries to nurses in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Research in Nursing & Health. 2017 Aug;40(4):311-22. doi: 10.1002/nur.21801. Epub 2017 May 30. PMID: 28556925.
14. Fereidouni Z, Kameli Morandini M, Dehghan A, Jamshidi N, Najafi Kalyani M. The prevalence of needlestick injuries and exposure to blood and body fluids among Iranian healthcare workers: a systematic review. International Journal of Medical Reviews. 2018 Mar 20;5(1):35-40. doi: 10.29252/IJMR-050106
15. Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Aslani M, Shabani F, Dalvand S, Parizad N. Prevalence of needlestick and sharps injuries in the healthcare workers of Iranian hospitals: An updated meta-analysis. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2018 Dec;23(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-018-0734-z.
16. Askarian M, Shaghaghian S, McLaws ML. Needlestick injuries among nurses of Fars province, Iran. Annals of Epidemiology. 2007 Dec 1;17(12):988-92. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2007.07.106. Epub 2007 Oct 17. PMID: 17923420.
17. Nofal M, Subih M, Al-Kalaldeh M, Al Hussami M. Factors influencing compliance to the infection control precautions among nurses and physicians in Jordan: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Infection Prevention. 2017 Jul;18(4):182-8. doi: 10.1177/1757177417693676.
18. Korkmaz N, Şentürk GÇ, Tekin A, Gürbüz Y, Sevinç G, Tütüncü EE, Şencan İ. Rates of underreported needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers in Turkey: in the light of Infection Control Committee data. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. 2022 Apr 1;34(2). doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzac012.
19. Papadopoli R, Bianco A, Pepe D, Pileggi C, Pavia M. Sharps and needle-stick injuries among medical residents and healthcare professional students: pattern and reporting in Italy—a cross-sectional analytical study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2019 Oct 1;76(10):739-45. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105873.
20. Lakbala P, Sobhani G, Lakbala M, Inaloo KD, Mahmoodi H. Sharps injuries in the operating room. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2014 Sep;19(5):348-53. doi: 10.1007/s12199-014-0401-y. Epub 2014 Aug 1. PMID: 25082440; PMCID: PMC4166588.
21. Badiee Aval S, Yaghoobi M, Ezzati MH, Ziaee M, Vafaeenejad R, Bakhtiari G, Mostafavi I, Samiee Daluee B. Needlestick injuries in healthcare workers in the North East of Iran. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement. 2017 Apr 1;5(2):509-12.
22. Bairami F, Kasani E, Ghorbanpoor M, Bairami A, Pasban-Noghabi S. Needlestick and Sharp Injuries Incidents among Iranian Healthcare Workers: an Updated Survey in Iran. International Journal of Hospital Research. 2014;3(2):79-82.
23. Askarian M, Shaghaghian S, Gillen M, Assadian O. Body fluid exposure in nurses of Fars province, Southern Iran. Archives of Iran Medicine. 2008 Sep;11(5):515-21. PMID: 18759518.
24. Markovic-Denic L, Maksimovic N, Marusic V, Vucicevic J, Ostric I, Djuric D. Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among health-care workers in Serbia. Medical principles and Practice. 2015 Nov 1;24(1):36-41.
25. Jahangiri M, Rostamabadi A, Hoboubi N, Tadayon N, Soleimani A. Needle Stick Injuries and their Related Safety Measures among Nurses in a University Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Saf Health Work. 2016 Mar;7(1):72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Aug 4. PMID: 27014494; PMCID: PMC4792920.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 3 (2023): Summer | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v10i3.13428 | |
| Keywords | ||
| needlestick injuries; body fluids; occupational exposure; health personnel | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Moshksar S, Nabavi MM, Danaei M, Momeni M, Askarian M. Compliance with standard precautions, sharp injuries, and blood and body fluid exposure among healthcare workers. NPT. 2023;10(3):190-197.
