Investigating the level of medication adherence and subjective recovery in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia
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Abstract
Background & Aim: Low compliance with medication in patients with schizophrenia may negatively affect the quality of life and subjective recovery. The objective was to analyze the association between medical adherence and subjective recovery in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive and correlational research was conducted between July and August 2023. 120 patients registered with a Schizophrenia Relatives Association in Türkiye were included in the study using simple random sampling. Demographic questionnaire, Medication Adherence Report Scale, and Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale were used in the study. Percentage, mean, t-test in independent groups, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis in SPSS 25.
Results: Medication Adherence and Subjective Recovery mean scores were 22.85±3.57 and 61.82±15.37 respectively. It was revealed that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between Medication Adherence and Subjective Recovery scores (r=0.269, p<0.01). As well as between age and Medication Adherence Report Scale (r=0.215, p<0.05). The subjective recovery level was significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Subjective recovery levels of psychiatric patients can be increased by monitoring their medication adherence levels. Supportive interventions (giving motivational talks for medication use, following up with patients by phone or home visit, etc.) should be implemented for those who do not adhere to their medication regimen.
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3. Yalçin N, Ak S, Gürel SC, Çeliker A. Compliance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the role of clinical pharmacist. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2019 Nov 1;34(6):298-304.
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5. Uslu E, Buldukoglu K. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of nursing care based on a telephone intervention for medication adherence in schizophrenia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2020;56(1):63–71.
6. Settem V, Karanadi H, Praharaj S. Cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms, insight, and medication adherence in remitted patients with schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2019;61:335–41.
7. Caqueo-Urízar A, Urzúa A, Mena-Chamorro P, Bravo de la Fuente J. Effects of adherence to pharmacological treatment on the recovery of patients with schizophrenia. InHealthcare. 2021;9(1230):1–12.
8. Temesgen WA, Chien WT, Bressington D. Conceptualizations of subjective recovery from recent onset psychosis and its associated factors: a systematic review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;13(2):181-93.
9. Kaşli S, Al O, Bademli K. Internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in individuals with chronic mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2021 Aug;67(5):415-20.
10. Erdoğan E, Demir S. The effect of solution focused group psychoeducation applied to schizophrenia patients on self-esteem, perception of subjective recovery and internalized stigmatization. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2022 Oct 3;43(10):944-54.
11. Öztürk S, Sarıkaya NA, Öz S. Comparison of disability and social functionality levels and subjective recovery perceptions of the patients received and did not receive service from community mental health center. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2021;12(1):1-8.
12. Kurt A, Erşan EE, Savaş İ. Comparison of self-stigma and subjective recovery status of patients receiving Community Mental Health Service and outpatient psychiatry policlinic. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2021;12(2):103-12.
13. Ishii J, Kodaka F, Miyata H, Yamadera W, Seto H, Higuchi H, Tsuruoka Y, Shigeta M. Association between functional recovery and medication adherence in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports. 2022 Dec;42(4):510-5.
14. Ansari S, Mulla S. Analysis of variables affecting drug compliance in schizophrenia. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 2014 Jan;23(1):58.
15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91.
16. Chan AH, Horne R, Hankins M, Chisari C. The medication adherence report scale: a measurement tool for eliciting patients' reports of nonadherence. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2020 Jul;86(7):1281-8.
17. Şen E, Berk Ö, Sindel D. The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Adaptation of Medical Adherence Report Scale. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. 2019;82(1):52–61.
18. Yildiz M, Erim R, Soygur H, Tural U, Kiras F, Gules E. Development and validation of the Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale for patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018 Apr 3;28(2):163-9.
19. Tan YM, Chong CP, Cheah YC. Impact of hospital pharmacist-led home medication review program for people with schizophrenia: a prospective study from Malaysia. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2019 Jul 1;9(7):034-41.
20. Wang D, Ross B, Xi C, Pan Y, Zhou L, Yang X, Wu G, Ouyang X, Si T, Liu Z, Hu X. Medication adherence and its correlates among patients affected by schizophrenia with an episodic course: A large-scale multi-center cross-sectional study in China. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 1;53:102198.
21. Abdulkareem MM, Amin NMM. Adherence to Medication for Schizophrenia in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic in Sulaimani. Arab Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;32(2):141–53.
22. Ghosh P, Balasundaram S, Sankaran A, Chandrasekaran V, Sarkar S, Choudhury S. Factors associated with medication non-adherence among patients with severe mental disorder-A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy. 2022 Sep 1;7:100178.
23. Moges S, Belete T, Mekonen T, Menberu M. Lifetime relapse and its associated factors among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are on follow up at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2021 May 6;15(1):42.
24. El Abdellati K, De Picker L, Morrens M. Antipsychotic treatment failure: a systematic review on risk factors and interventions for treatment adherence in psychosis. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2020 Oct 9;14:531763.
25. Mohamed SM, ElSerogy YM, El-Hameed A, Nadia A, El-Aziz A, Azaa M. Quality of life and its relation with treatment compliance among schizophrenic patients. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal. 2021 Mar 1;9(24.0):8-17.
26. İpçi K, İncedere A, Kiras F, Yıldız M. An Examınatıon Of The relatıonshıp between subjectıve recovery and cognıtıve insight in patients wih Schizophrenıia. Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University. 2018;4(1):1–4.
27. Can Öz Y, Duran S. The effect of spirituality on the subjective recovery of psychiatric patients. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021 Aug;60(4):2438-49.
28. Narvaez JM, Twamley EW, McKibbin CL, Heaton RK, Patterson TL. Subjective and objective quality of life in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2008 Jan 1;98(1-3):201-8.
29. Yu Y, Xiao X, Yang M, Ge XP, Li TX, Cao G, Liao YJ. Personal recovery and its determinants among people living with schizophrenia in China. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 11;11:602524.
30. Wciórka J, Świtaj P, Anczewska M. The stages of recovery in relation to the other subjective and objective aspects of psychosis. Psychiatry Research. 2015 Feb 28;225(3):613-8.
2. Pardede JA. Health Education of Drinking Medication Adherence on Schizophrenia Patients. Journal of Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):723.
3. Yalçin N, Ak S, Gürel SC, Çeliker A. Compliance in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: the role of clinical pharmacist. International Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2019 Nov 1;34(6):298-304.
4. Abdisa E, Fekadu G, Girma S, Shibiru T, Tilahun T, Mohamed H, Wakgari A, Takele A, Abebe M, Tsegaye R. Self-stigma and medication adherence among patients with mental illness treated at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2020 Dec;14(1):1-13.
5. Uslu E, Buldukoglu K. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of nursing care based on a telephone intervention for medication adherence in schizophrenia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2020;56(1):63–71.
6. Settem V, Karanadi H, Praharaj S. Cognitive deficits, depressive symptoms, insight, and medication adherence in remitted patients with schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2019;61:335–41.
7. Caqueo-Urízar A, Urzúa A, Mena-Chamorro P, Bravo de la Fuente J. Effects of adherence to pharmacological treatment on the recovery of patients with schizophrenia. InHealthcare. 2021;9(1230):1–12.
8. Temesgen WA, Chien WT, Bressington D. Conceptualizations of subjective recovery from recent onset psychosis and its associated factors: a systematic review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry. 2019 Apr;13(2):181-93.
9. Kaşli S, Al O, Bademli K. Internalized stigmatization and subjective recovery in individuals with chronic mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2021 Aug;67(5):415-20.
10. Erdoğan E, Demir S. The effect of solution focused group psychoeducation applied to schizophrenia patients on self-esteem, perception of subjective recovery and internalized stigmatization. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2022 Oct 3;43(10):944-54.
11. Öztürk S, Sarıkaya NA, Öz S. Comparison of disability and social functionality levels and subjective recovery perceptions of the patients received and did not receive service from community mental health center. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2021;12(1):1-8.
12. Kurt A, Erşan EE, Savaş İ. Comparison of self-stigma and subjective recovery status of patients receiving Community Mental Health Service and outpatient psychiatry policlinic. J Psychiatric Nurs. 2021;12(2):103-12.
13. Ishii J, Kodaka F, Miyata H, Yamadera W, Seto H, Higuchi H, Tsuruoka Y, Shigeta M. Association between functional recovery and medication adherence in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports. 2022 Dec;42(4):510-5.
14. Ansari S, Mulla S. Analysis of variables affecting drug compliance in schizophrenia. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 2014 Jan;23(1):58.
15. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91.
16. Chan AH, Horne R, Hankins M, Chisari C. The medication adherence report scale: a measurement tool for eliciting patients' reports of nonadherence. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2020 Jul;86(7):1281-8.
17. Şen E, Berk Ö, Sindel D. The Validity and Reliability Study of the Turkish Adaptation of Medical Adherence Report Scale. Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine. 2019;82(1):52–61.
18. Yildiz M, Erim R, Soygur H, Tural U, Kiras F, Gules E. Development and validation of the Subjective Recovery Assessment Scale for patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2018 Apr 3;28(2):163-9.
19. Tan YM, Chong CP, Cheah YC. Impact of hospital pharmacist-led home medication review program for people with schizophrenia: a prospective study from Malaysia. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2019 Jul 1;9(7):034-41.
20. Wang D, Ross B, Xi C, Pan Y, Zhou L, Yang X, Wu G, Ouyang X, Si T, Liu Z, Hu X. Medication adherence and its correlates among patients affected by schizophrenia with an episodic course: A large-scale multi-center cross-sectional study in China. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 1;53:102198.
21. Abdulkareem MM, Amin NMM. Adherence to Medication for Schizophrenia in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic in Sulaimani. Arab Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;32(2):141–53.
22. Ghosh P, Balasundaram S, Sankaran A, Chandrasekaran V, Sarkar S, Choudhury S. Factors associated with medication non-adherence among patients with severe mental disorder-A cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy. 2022 Sep 1;7:100178.
23. Moges S, Belete T, Mekonen T, Menberu M. Lifetime relapse and its associated factors among people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who are on follow up at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Amhara region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2021 May 6;15(1):42.
24. El Abdellati K, De Picker L, Morrens M. Antipsychotic treatment failure: a systematic review on risk factors and interventions for treatment adherence in psychosis. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2020 Oct 9;14:531763.
25. Mohamed SM, ElSerogy YM, El-Hameed A, Nadia A, El-Aziz A, Azaa M. Quality of life and its relation with treatment compliance among schizophrenic patients. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal. 2021 Mar 1;9(24.0):8-17.
26. İpçi K, İncedere A, Kiras F, Yıldız M. An Examınatıon Of The relatıonshıp between subjectıve recovery and cognıtıve insight in patients wih Schizophrenıia. Journal of Health Sciences of Kocaeli University. 2018;4(1):1–4.
27. Can Öz Y, Duran S. The effect of spirituality on the subjective recovery of psychiatric patients. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021 Aug;60(4):2438-49.
28. Narvaez JM, Twamley EW, McKibbin CL, Heaton RK, Patterson TL. Subjective and objective quality of life in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 2008 Jan 1;98(1-3):201-8.
29. Yu Y, Xiao X, Yang M, Ge XP, Li TX, Cao G, Liao YJ. Personal recovery and its determinants among people living with schizophrenia in China. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 11;11:602524.
30. Wciórka J, Świtaj P, Anczewska M. The stages of recovery in relation to the other subjective and objective aspects of psychosis. Psychiatry Research. 2015 Feb 28;225(3):613-8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 1 (2024): Winter | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v11i1.14944 | |
| Keywords | ||
| schizophrenia; medication adherence; subjective recovery | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Can ÖZ Y, Duran S. Investigating the level of medication adherence and subjective recovery in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. NPT. 2024;11(1):72-79.
