Prevalence of geriatric syndromes and associated factors in Iranian older adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based correlational study
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Abstract
Background & Aim: Geriatric syndromes are known as a major obstacle in the treatment and care of older adults with diabetes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of geriatric syndromes and associated factors in community-dwelling older adults with diabetes in the south of Tehran, Iran, in 2022.
Methods & Materials: A population-based correlational study was conducted among 392 older adults with diabetes, covered by selected health centers in the south of Tehran, Iran, using the multistage sampling method. Persian forms of geriatric assessment tools were used, including Mini-Mental State Examination, Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and Geriatric Depression Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and chi-square tests in SPSS-26.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 69.5±6 years (63% female, 37% male). About 54.6% of the older adults with diabetes studied had three or more Geriatric syndromes. Polypharmacy was the most prevalent geriatric syndrome (76.5%). The number of geriatric syndromes had a significant association with female gender (p<0.001), lower education (p<0.001), loss of the spouse (p= 0.004), and lower-income (p=0.019). Also, with the increase in the number of diabetes comorbidities, the occurrence of all geriatric syndromes increased significantly (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The prevalence of geriatric syndromes in older adults with diabetes in the south of Tehran is very high and warning. Due to the increasing population of older adults in Iran, policymakers and healthcare providers should take appropriate actions to confront the issue with a comprehensive understanding of the present condition.
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15. Liu T, Man X, Miao X. Geriatric syndromes and the cumulative impacts on quality of life in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2021 Jan;41:148-55.
16. Taheri Tanjani P, Azadbakht M. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the activities of daily living scale and instrumental activities of daily living scale in elderly. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016 Jan 10;25(132):103-12.
17. Foroughan M, Jafari Z, Shirin Bayan P, Ghaem Magham Farahani Z, Rahgozar M. Validation of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the elderly population of Tehran. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2008 Jul 10;10(2):29-37.
18. Seyedian M, Falah M, Nourouzian M, Nejat S, Delavar A, Ghasemzadeh HA.Validity of the Farsi version of Mini-Mental State Examination. Journal of Iranian Medical Council. 2008;25(4):408-414.
19. Malakouti SK, Fatollahi P, Mirabzadeh A, Salavati M, Zandi T. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GDS‐15 in Iranian elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A Journal of the Psychiatry of Late Life and Allied Sciences. 2006 Jun;21(6):588-93.
20. Ghazi L, Fereshtehnejad SM, Abbasi Fard S, Sadeghi M, Shahidi GA, Lökk J. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is rather a reliable and valid instrument to assess nutritional status in Iranian healthy adults and elderly with a chronic disease. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 2015 Jul 4;54(4):342-57.
21. Liang Y, Rausch C, Laflamme L, Möller J. Prevalence, trend and contributing factors of geriatric syndromes among older Swedes: results from the Stockholm County Council Public Health Surveys. BMC Geriatrics. 2018 Dec;18:1-9.
22. Kim JI, Sunwoo MK, Sohn YH, Lee PH, Hong JY. The MMSE and MoCA for screening cognitive impairment in less educated patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Movement Disorders. 2016 Sep;9(3):152.23.
23. Nowakowska M, Zghebi SS, Ashcroft DM, Buchan I, Chew-Graham C, Holt T, Mallen C, Van Marwijk H, Peek N, Perera-Salazar R, Reeves D. The comorbidity burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Patterns, clusters and predictions from a large English primary care cohort. BMC Medicine. 2019 Dec;17(145):1-10.
24. Kalyani RR, Saudek CD, Brancati FL, Selvin E. Association of diabetes, comorbidities, and A1C with functional disability in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2006. Diabetes Care. 2010 May 1;33(5):1055-60.
25. Yang YC, Lin MH, Wang CS, Lu FH, Wu JS, Cheng HP, Lin SI. Geriatric syndromes and quality of life in older adults with diabetes. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2019 Jun;19(6):518-24.
26. Taheri Tanjani P, Moradinazar M, Mottlagh ME, Najafi F. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type II among Iranian elderly population and its association with other age-related diseases, 2012. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2015 May 1;60(3):373-9.
27. Patria B. The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 Oct 20;10:1017995.
28. Sun L, Diao X, Gang X, Lv Y, Zhao X, Yang S, Gao Y, Wang G. Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2020 Apr 24;2020.
29. Li H, Mu Q, Kang Y, Yang X, Shan L, Wang M, Li C, Liu Y, Wang F. Association of cigarette smoking with male cognitive impairment and metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 19;12:738358.
30. Yang Y, Hu X, Zhang Q, Zou R. Diabetes mellitus and risk of falls in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing. 2016 Nov 2;45(6):761-7.
https://www.bgs.org.uk/resources/diabetes. Publised: 30 May 2009. Updated 01 March 2018.
2. Lewandowicz A, Skowronek P, Maksymiuk-Kłos A, Piątkiewicz P. The giant geriatric syndromes are intensified by diabetic complications. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. 2018 Dec;4:2333721418817396.
3. Laura T, Melvin C, Yoong DY. Depressive symptoms and malnutrition are associated with other geriatric syndromes and increase risk for 30-Day readmission in hospitalized older adults: A prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatrics. 2022 Aug 2;22(1):634.
4. Halter JB, Ouslander JG, Tinetti M, Studenski S, High KP, Asthana S. Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Sixth Edition: McGraw-Hill Education; 2008.
5. Rausch C, van Zon SK, Liang Y, Laflamme L, Möller J, de Rooij SE, Bültmann U. Geriatric syndromes and incident chronic health conditions among 9094 older community-dwellers: findings from the lifelines cohort study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022 Jan 1;23(1):54-9.
6. Çakmak G, Ganidağlı S, Efendioğlu EM, Öztürk E, Öztürk ZA. Do long-term complications of type 2 diabetes increase susceptibility to geriatric syndromes in older adults? Medicina. 2021 Sep 15;57(9):968.
7. Araki A, Ito H. Diabetes mellitus and geriatric syndromes. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2009 Jun;9(2):105-14.
8. Neumiller JJ, Munshi MN. Geriatric Syndromes in Older Adults with Diabetes. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics. 2023 Jun 1;52(2):341-53.
9. Gonzalez-Zacarias AA, Mavarez-Martinez A, Arias-Morales CE, Stoicea N, Rogers B. Impact of demographic, socioeconomic, and psychological factors on glycemic self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in public health. 2016 Sep 12;4:195.
10. Rausch C, Liang Y, Bültmann U, De Rooij SE, Johnell K, Laflamme L, Möller J. Social position and geriatric syndromes among Swedish older people: a population-based study. BMC Geriatrics. 2019 Dec;19(1):1-8.
11. McCoy RG, Lipska KJ, Van Houten HK, Shah ND. Paradox of glycemic management: multimorbidity, glycemic control, and high-risk medication use among adults with diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care. 2020 Feb 1;8(1):e001007.
12. Vetrano DL, Foebel AD, Marengoni A, Brandi V, Collamati A, Heckman GA, Hirdes J, Bernabei R, Onder G. Chronic diseases and geriatric syndromes: The different weight of comorbidity. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2016 Jan 1;27:62-7.
13. Moon S, Roh YK, Yoon JL, Jang KU, Jung HJ, Yoo HJ, Jang HC, of Korea GS, Society G. Clinical features of geriatric syndromes in older Koreans with diabetes mellitus. Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research. 2019 Dec;23(4):176.
14. Vu HT, Nguyen TT, Le TA, Nguyen TX, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TN, Pham T, Nguyen AT. Comprehensive geriatric assessment in older patients with diabetes mellitus in Hanoi, Vietnam. Gerontology. 2022 Oct 3;68(10):1132-8.
15. Liu T, Man X, Miao X. Geriatric syndromes and the cumulative impacts on quality of life in older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries. 2021 Jan;41:148-55.
16. Taheri Tanjani P, Azadbakht M. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the activities of daily living scale and instrumental activities of daily living scale in elderly. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016 Jan 10;25(132):103-12.
17. Foroughan M, Jafari Z, Shirin Bayan P, Ghaem Magham Farahani Z, Rahgozar M. Validation of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in the elderly population of Tehran. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2008 Jul 10;10(2):29-37.
18. Seyedian M, Falah M, Nourouzian M, Nejat S, Delavar A, Ghasemzadeh HA.Validity of the Farsi version of Mini-Mental State Examination. Journal of Iranian Medical Council. 2008;25(4):408-414.
19. Malakouti SK, Fatollahi P, Mirabzadeh A, Salavati M, Zandi T. Reliability, validity and factor structure of the GDS‐15 in Iranian elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A Journal of the Psychiatry of Late Life and Allied Sciences. 2006 Jun;21(6):588-93.
20. Ghazi L, Fereshtehnejad SM, Abbasi Fard S, Sadeghi M, Shahidi GA, Lökk J. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is rather a reliable and valid instrument to assess nutritional status in Iranian healthy adults and elderly with a chronic disease. Ecology of Food and Nutrition. 2015 Jul 4;54(4):342-57.
21. Liang Y, Rausch C, Laflamme L, Möller J. Prevalence, trend and contributing factors of geriatric syndromes among older Swedes: results from the Stockholm County Council Public Health Surveys. BMC Geriatrics. 2018 Dec;18:1-9.
22. Kim JI, Sunwoo MK, Sohn YH, Lee PH, Hong JY. The MMSE and MoCA for screening cognitive impairment in less educated patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Movement Disorders. 2016 Sep;9(3):152.23.
23. Nowakowska M, Zghebi SS, Ashcroft DM, Buchan I, Chew-Graham C, Holt T, Mallen C, Van Marwijk H, Peek N, Perera-Salazar R, Reeves D. The comorbidity burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Patterns, clusters and predictions from a large English primary care cohort. BMC Medicine. 2019 Dec;17(145):1-10.
24. Kalyani RR, Saudek CD, Brancati FL, Selvin E. Association of diabetes, comorbidities, and A1C with functional disability in older adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2006. Diabetes Care. 2010 May 1;33(5):1055-60.
25. Yang YC, Lin MH, Wang CS, Lu FH, Wu JS, Cheng HP, Lin SI. Geriatric syndromes and quality of life in older adults with diabetes. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2019 Jun;19(6):518-24.
26. Taheri Tanjani P, Moradinazar M, Mottlagh ME, Najafi F. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type II among Iranian elderly population and its association with other age-related diseases, 2012. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2015 May 1;60(3):373-9.
27. Patria B. The longitudinal effects of education on depression: Finding from the Indonesian national survey. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 Oct 20;10:1017995.
28. Sun L, Diao X, Gang X, Lv Y, Zhao X, Yang S, Gao Y, Wang G. Risk factors for cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2020 Apr 24;2020.
29. Li H, Mu Q, Kang Y, Yang X, Shan L, Wang M, Li C, Liu Y, Wang F. Association of cigarette smoking with male cognitive impairment and metal ions in cerebrospinal fluid. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 19;12:738358.
30. Yang Y, Hu X, Zhang Q, Zou R. Diabetes mellitus and risk of falls in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing. 2016 Nov 2;45(6):761-7.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 11 No 1 (2024): Winter | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v11i1.14942 | |
| Keywords | ||
| geriatrics; diabetes mellitus; prevalence; comorbidities; older adults | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Rahimi M, Poortaghi S, Negarandeh R. Prevalence of geriatric syndromes and associated factors in Iranian older adults with type 2 diabetes: A population-based correlational study. NPT. 2024;11(1):53-63.
