Relationship job embeddedness to turnover intention among nurses: A cross-sectional, correlational study
-
Benyamin Saadatifar
,
Zahra Ebrahimi Rigi
,
Parichehr Sabaghzadeh Irani
,
Chiman Ghaderi
,
Omolbanin Akbari
Abstract
Background & Aim: Given the high turnover rate among nursing staff, contemporary healthcare facilities are experiencing an increasing demand for nurses. Retaining nursing personnel is crucial for ensuring patient safety and preventing malpractice. Job embeddedness has emerged as a key determinant in employee retention. This study examined the relationship between job embeddedness and nurses' turnover intentions.
Methods & Materials: This descriptive-analytic study included 242 nurses from hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Global Job Embeddedness Scale, and a turnover intention questionnaire. The data were analyzed using independent t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficients, and ANOVA.
Results: The mean turnover intention score was relatively high, particularly in the organizational (M±SD= 3.3±0.7) and professional (M±SD= 3±0.8) dimensions. The mean score for job embeddedness was above average (M±SD= 2.8±0.9). The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between job embeddedness and turnover intentions among nurses (r= -0.3, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concluded that higher levels of job embeddedness are associated with a lower intention to leave the profession. By enhancing and maintaining job embeddedness among nurses, it is possible to reduce turnover rates, ultimately contributing to improved patient care.
1. Arif S. Impact of Organizational Justice on Turnover Intentions: Moderating Role of Job Embeddedness. SEISENSE Journal of Management. 2018;1(2):34-52.
2. Basit G, Duygulu S. Nurses’ organizational trust and intention to continue working at hospitals in Turkey. Collegian. 2018;25(2):163-9.
3. Al Muharraq EH, Baker OG, Alallah SM. The prevalence and the relationship of workplace bullying and nurses turnover intentions: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Nursing. 2022 Jan;8:23779608221074655.
4. Falatah R, Salem OA. Nurse turnover in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2018 Sep;26(6):630-8.
5. Sharififard F, Hosseini MH, Akbari V, Sadeghi R, Kopaie SY, Bidgoli AS, Asayesh H. The tendency to leave nursing profession and some related factors at the therapeutic and educational centers of Qom City, (Iran). Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2019 Apr 10;13(1):70-7.
6. Woo CH, Lee MJ. The Effect of Hospital Organizational Culture, Organizational Silence and Job Embeddedness on Turnover Intention of General Hospital Nurses. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2018;16(3):385-94.
7. Graminejad N, Ghorbani Moghaddam Z, Kazemi Majd R, Hosseini M. Association between Resilience and Intention to Leave Profession in Critical Care Nurses in Educational Hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A Descriptive Study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2020;18(11):1103-14.
8. Pham T.P.T, Huang M.C. Exploring the relationship between nursing professional values and job satisfaction in Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2025; 12(1):55-64.
9. Ghorbanzadeh D, Vahabzadeh S, Kazemi E. Investigating the Effect of Perceived Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention. Management Studies in Development and Evolution. 2021 Jun 22;30(100):163-91.
10. Seo H, Cho O.H. Factors affecting job satisfaction of advanced practice registered nurses in Korea. Nursing Practice Today. 2022; 9(4):326-336
11. Abou Hashish EA. Relationship between ethical work climate and nurses’ perception of organizational support, commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intent. Nursing Ethics. 2017 Mar;24(2):151-66.
12. Park J-H, E-K L. The relationship between leader-member exchange and intention to stay in Korean nurses: Focusing on the mediating role of compassion satisfaction. Nursing Practice Today. 2020;8(2):132-8.
13. Jung HS, Jung YS, Yoon HH. COVID-19: The effects of job insecurity on the job engagement and turnover intent of deluxe hotel employees and the moderating role of generational characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2021 Jan 1;92:102703.
14. Karatepe OM, Rezapouraghdam H, Hassannia R. Job insecurity, work engagement and their effects on hotel employees’ non-green and nonattendance behaviors. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2020 May 1;87:102472.
15. Gonzalez JA, Ragins BR, Ehrhardt K, Singh R. Friends and family: The role of relationships in community and workplace attachment. Journal of Business and Psychology. 2018 Feb;33:89-104.
16. Karatepe OM, Avci T. Nurses’ perceptions of job embeddedness in public hospitals. Sage Open. 2019 Feb;9(1):2158244019828848.
17. Kim H, Kim EG. A meta‐analysis on predictors of turnover intention of hospital nurses in South Korea (2000–2020). Nursing Open. 2021 Sep;8(5):2406-18.
18. Crossley CD, Bennett RJ, Jex SM, Burnfield JL. Development of a global measure of job embeddedness and integration into a traditional model of voluntary turnover. Journal of applied Psychology. 2007 Jul;92(4):1031.
19. Rakhshani Zabol F, Akbari O, Vagharseyyedin SA, Farajzadeh Z. The relationship between organizational justice and nurses’ job embeddedness in teaching hospitals. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2019 Aug 10;27(3):156-62.
20. Abasszadeh A, Nakhaee N, Borhani F, Roshanzadeh M. Assessment tendency of clinical nurses to leave the profession: A case study. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management. 2014 Mar 10;2(4):71-9.
21. Van der Heijden BI, Peeters MC, Le Blanc PM, Van Breukelen JW. Job characteristics and experience as predictors of occupational turnover intention and occupational turnover in the European nursing sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2018 Oct 1;108:108-20.
22. Alhamwan M, Mat NB, Muala IA. The impact of organizational factors on nurses turnover intention behavior at public hospitals in Jordan: How does leadership, career advancement, and pay-level influence the turnover intention behavior among nurses? Journal of Management and Sustainability. 2015;5:154.
23. Akgunduz Y, Cin FM. Job embeddedness as a moderator of the effect of manager trust and distributive justice on turnover intentions. Anatolia. 2015 Oct 2;26(4):549-62.
24. Pandita D, Ray S. Talent management and employee engagement–a meta-analysis of their impact on talent retention. Industrial and Commercial Training. 2018 May 10;50(4):185-99.
25. Agarwal P, Sajid SM. A study of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention among public and private sector employees. Journal of Management Research. 2017;17(3):123-36.
26. Hoseini-Esfidarjani SS, Negarandeh R, Janani L, Mohammadnejad E, Ghasemi E. The intention to turnover and its relationship with healthy work environment among nursing staff. Hayat. 2018 Jan 10;23(4):318-31.
27. Min KH, Min HH. Relationships between job embeddedness, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover intention in clinical dental hygienists. Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene. 2019;19(5):835-43.
28. Lee SY. Factors influencing job embeddedness toward nurses in small-and medium-sized hospitals. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2020;21(6):425-31.
29. Duong CH, Ho YH, Hoang TK. Perceived organizational support and its impact on nurses’ intention to stay in Vietnam: Psychological well-being and organizational commitment as mediators. Nursing Practice Today. 2024 Jul 3;11(3):249-58.
30. Ha T, Thuy L, Thanh D. Factors affecting career turnover intention after graduation among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Central Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2023;19(3):229-38.
2. Basit G, Duygulu S. Nurses’ organizational trust and intention to continue working at hospitals in Turkey. Collegian. 2018;25(2):163-9.
3. Al Muharraq EH, Baker OG, Alallah SM. The prevalence and the relationship of workplace bullying and nurses turnover intentions: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Nursing. 2022 Jan;8:23779608221074655.
4. Falatah R, Salem OA. Nurse turnover in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2018 Sep;26(6):630-8.
5. Sharififard F, Hosseini MH, Akbari V, Sadeghi R, Kopaie SY, Bidgoli AS, Asayesh H. The tendency to leave nursing profession and some related factors at the therapeutic and educational centers of Qom City, (Iran). Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2019 Apr 10;13(1):70-7.
6. Woo CH, Lee MJ. The Effect of Hospital Organizational Culture, Organizational Silence and Job Embeddedness on Turnover Intention of General Hospital Nurses. Journal of Digital Convergence. 2018;16(3):385-94.
7. Graminejad N, Ghorbani Moghaddam Z, Kazemi Majd R, Hosseini M. Association between Resilience and Intention to Leave Profession in Critical Care Nurses in Educational Hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2018: A Descriptive Study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2020;18(11):1103-14.
8. Pham T.P.T, Huang M.C. Exploring the relationship between nursing professional values and job satisfaction in Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2025; 12(1):55-64.
9. Ghorbanzadeh D, Vahabzadeh S, Kazemi E. Investigating the Effect of Perceived Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention. Management Studies in Development and Evolution. 2021 Jun 22;30(100):163-91.
10. Seo H, Cho O.H. Factors affecting job satisfaction of advanced practice registered nurses in Korea. Nursing Practice Today. 2022; 9(4):326-336
11. Abou Hashish EA. Relationship between ethical work climate and nurses’ perception of organizational support, commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intent. Nursing Ethics. 2017 Mar;24(2):151-66.
12. Park J-H, E-K L. The relationship between leader-member exchange and intention to stay in Korean nurses: Focusing on the mediating role of compassion satisfaction. Nursing Practice Today. 2020;8(2):132-8.
13. Jung HS, Jung YS, Yoon HH. COVID-19: The effects of job insecurity on the job engagement and turnover intent of deluxe hotel employees and the moderating role of generational characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2021 Jan 1;92:102703.
14. Karatepe OM, Rezapouraghdam H, Hassannia R. Job insecurity, work engagement and their effects on hotel employees’ non-green and nonattendance behaviors. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2020 May 1;87:102472.
15. Gonzalez JA, Ragins BR, Ehrhardt K, Singh R. Friends and family: The role of relationships in community and workplace attachment. Journal of Business and Psychology. 2018 Feb;33:89-104.
16. Karatepe OM, Avci T. Nurses’ perceptions of job embeddedness in public hospitals. Sage Open. 2019 Feb;9(1):2158244019828848.
17. Kim H, Kim EG. A meta‐analysis on predictors of turnover intention of hospital nurses in South Korea (2000–2020). Nursing Open. 2021 Sep;8(5):2406-18.
18. Crossley CD, Bennett RJ, Jex SM, Burnfield JL. Development of a global measure of job embeddedness and integration into a traditional model of voluntary turnover. Journal of applied Psychology. 2007 Jul;92(4):1031.
19. Rakhshani Zabol F, Akbari O, Vagharseyyedin SA, Farajzadeh Z. The relationship between organizational justice and nurses’ job embeddedness in teaching hospitals. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2019 Aug 10;27(3):156-62.
20. Abasszadeh A, Nakhaee N, Borhani F, Roshanzadeh M. Assessment tendency of clinical nurses to leave the profession: A case study. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management. 2014 Mar 10;2(4):71-9.
21. Van der Heijden BI, Peeters MC, Le Blanc PM, Van Breukelen JW. Job characteristics and experience as predictors of occupational turnover intention and occupational turnover in the European nursing sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 2018 Oct 1;108:108-20.
22. Alhamwan M, Mat NB, Muala IA. The impact of organizational factors on nurses turnover intention behavior at public hospitals in Jordan: How does leadership, career advancement, and pay-level influence the turnover intention behavior among nurses? Journal of Management and Sustainability. 2015;5:154.
23. Akgunduz Y, Cin FM. Job embeddedness as a moderator of the effect of manager trust and distributive justice on turnover intentions. Anatolia. 2015 Oct 2;26(4):549-62.
24. Pandita D, Ray S. Talent management and employee engagement–a meta-analysis of their impact on talent retention. Industrial and Commercial Training. 2018 May 10;50(4):185-99.
25. Agarwal P, Sajid SM. A study of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention among public and private sector employees. Journal of Management Research. 2017;17(3):123-36.
26. Hoseini-Esfidarjani SS, Negarandeh R, Janani L, Mohammadnejad E, Ghasemi E. The intention to turnover and its relationship with healthy work environment among nursing staff. Hayat. 2018 Jan 10;23(4):318-31.
27. Min KH, Min HH. Relationships between job embeddedness, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover intention in clinical dental hygienists. Journal of Korean Society of Dental Hygiene. 2019;19(5):835-43.
28. Lee SY. Factors influencing job embeddedness toward nurses in small-and medium-sized hospitals. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2020;21(6):425-31.
29. Duong CH, Ho YH, Hoang TK. Perceived organizational support and its impact on nurses’ intention to stay in Vietnam: Psychological well-being and organizational commitment as mediators. Nursing Practice Today. 2024 Jul 3;11(3):249-58.
30. Ha T, Thuy L, Thanh D. Factors affecting career turnover intention after graduation among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Central Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2023;19(3):229-38.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 2 (2025): Spring | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v12i2.18341 | |
| Keywords | ||
| job embeddedness; turnover intention; nurses | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Saadatifar B, Ebrahimi Rigi Z, Sabaghzadeh Irani P, Ghaderi C, Akbari O. Relationship job embeddedness to turnover intention among nurses: A cross-sectional, correlational study. NPT. 2025;12(2):182-189.
