The effectiveness of dance interventions on the cognitive functioning of people with dementia or cognitive impairment: A systematic review
-
Dauda Salihu
,
Surajo Kamilu Sulaiman
,
Umar Muhammad Bello
,
Osama Mohamed Elsayed Ramadan
,
Hadiza Yahaya
,
Muhammad Chutiyami
Abstract
Background & Aim: Dementia significantly impair cognitive abilities, well-being, and the functioning of daily life, but there is no cure yet. In the search for non-pharmacological interventions, dance has emerged as a potential complementary therapy to support people with dementia or cognitive impairment. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of various dance interventions on the cognitive performance of people with dementia or cognitive impairment.
Methods & Materials: In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in six databases (APA-PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane)from 2002 to 2023. The quality of the studies was rigorously assessed using the JBI tool. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the findings. Effects of the interventions were presented either as Standardized Mean Difference (SMD), Weighted Mean Difference (WMD), or Mean Difference (MD). An effect size of < 0.1 is considered trivial, 0.1-0.3 is small while > 0.5 is interpreted as a large effect.
Results: The systematic results showed significant improvements in global cognition (SMD= 0.54 to 6.10), memory (SMD= 0.24 to 0.56), attention (SMD= 0.38), and language and fluency (SMD=0.61) in different dance genres such as ballroom, Latin and aerobics. However, different effects were observed in executive and visuospatial functions.
Conclusion: This systematic-review shows the effectiveness of dance interventions in improving several cognitive functions in people with dementia, including memory, attention, language, and fluency. This study supports the use of dance as an effective non-pharmacological approach in dementia care and merits its consideration in treatment strategies and further research studies.
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2. Kent S, Devonport TJ, Lane AM, Nicholls W, Friesen AP. The effects of coping interventions on the ability to perform under pressure. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2018 Mar;17(1):40.
3. Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, Costafreda SG, Huntley J, Ames D, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2673-734.
4. Halse I, Bjørkløf GH, Engedal K, Selbæk G, Barca ML. Control beliefs among people with dementia: A systematic review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2021 Jun 21;50(3):205-23.
5. Rost NS, Brodtmann A, Pase MP, van Veluw SJ, Biffi A, Duering M, et al. Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Circulation research. 2022;130(8):1252-71.
6. Crivelli L, Palmer K, Calandri I, Guekht A, Beghi E, Carroll W, et al. Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2022;18(5):1047-66.
7. Rajan KB, Weuve J, Barnes LL, McAninch EA, Wilson RS, Evans DA. Population estimate of people with clinical Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in the United States (2020–2060). Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2021;17(12):1966-75.
8. Dunne RA, Aarsland D, O’Brien JT, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Fox NC, Isaacs JD, Underwood BR, Perry RJ, Chan D, Dening T. Mild cognitive impairment: the Manchester consensus. Age and Ageing. 2021 Jan;50(1):72-80.
9. Salihu D, Wong EML, Bello UM, Kwan RYC. Effects of dance intervention on agitation and cognitive functioning of people living with dementia in institutional care facilities: Systematic review. Geriatric Nursing. 2021;42(6):1332-40.
10. Anderson ND, Murphy KJ, Troyer AK. Living with mild cognitive impairment: a guide to maximizing brain health and reducing the risk of dementia: Oxford University Press; 2024.
11. Liew TM. Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 2020;12:1-12.
12. Tsapanou A, Papatriantafyllou JD, Yiannopoulou K, Sali D, Kalligerou F, Ntanasi E, et al. The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with mild cognitive impairment/dementia and on their caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2021;36(4):583-7.
13. Kasper S, Bancher C, Eckert A, Förstl H, Frölich L, Hort J, et al. Management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI): The need for national and international guidelines. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2020;21(8):579-94.
14. Demurtas J, Schoene D, Torbahn G, Marengoni A, Grande G, Zou L, et al. Physical activity and exercise in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: an umbrella review of intervention and observational studies. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020;21(10):1415-22. e6.
15. Maraz A, Király O, Urbán R, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Why do you dance? Development of the Dance Motivation Inventory (DMI). PloS One. 2015;10(3):e0122866.
16. Murcia CQ, Bongard S, Kreutz G. Emotional and neurohumoral responses to dancing tango argentino the effects of music and partner. Music and Medicine. 2009;1(1):14-21.
17. Behrends A, Müller S, Dziobek I. Moving in and out of synchrony: A concept for a new intervention fostering empathy through interactional movement and dance. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2012;39(2):107-16.
18. Meekums B, Karkou V, Nelson EA. Dance movement therapy for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015(2).
19. Karkou V, Aithal S, Richards M, Hiley E, Meekums B. Dance movement therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023(8).
20. Meng X, Li G, Jia Y, Liu Y, Shang B, Liu P, Bao X, Chen L. Effects of dance intervention on global cognition, executive function and memory of older adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2020 Jan;32:7-19.
21. Zhu Y, Zhong Q, Ji J, Ma J, Wu H, Gao Y, Ali N, Wang T. Effects of aerobic dance on cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2020 Jan 1;74(2):679-90.
22. Hewston P, Kennedy CC, Borhan S, Merom D, Santaguida P, Ioannidis G, Marr S, Santesso N, Thabane L, Bray S, Papaioannou A. Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing. 2021 Jul;50(4):1084-92.
23. Mabire J-B, Aquino J-P, Charras K. Dance interventions for people with dementia: systematic review and practice recommendations. International Psychogeriatrics. 2019;31(7):977-87.
24. Lyons S, Karkou V, Roe B, Meekums B, Richards M. What research evidence is there that dance movement therapy improves the health and well-being of older adults with dementia? A systematic review and descriptive narrative summary. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2018;60:32-40.
25. Van der Steen JT, Smaling HJ, Van der Wouden JC, Bruinsma MS, Scholten RJ, Vink AC. Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (7).
26. Flynn B. The benefits of dance therapy for older adults with Dementia: A systematic review of the literature. 2018.
27. Ruiz-Muelle A, López-Rodríguez MM. Dance for people with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Current Alzheimer Research. 2019;16(10):919-33.
28. Manji I, Wells S, Dal Bello-Haas V, Fallavollita P. Impact of dance interventions on the symptoms of dementia: A mixed-methods systematic review. Arts & Health. 2023:1-25.
29. Buda L, Kerzner L. Dance Therapy for Dementia in Care Facilities: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2023;24(5):B29.
30. Klimova B, Valis M, Kuca K. Dancing as an intervention tool for people with dementia: a mini-review dancing and dementia. Current Alzheimer Research. 2017;14(12):1264-9.
31. Wells M, Yang F. Ballroom dance as a form of rehabilitation: A systematic review. Biomechanics. 2021;1(3):307-20.
32. Wu VX, Chi Y, Lee JK, Goh HS, Chen DYM, Haugan G, et al. The effect of dance interventions on cognition, neuroplasticity, physical function, depression, and quality of life for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021;122:104025.
33. Parums DV. Review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2021;27:e934475-1.
34. Salihu D, Wong EML, Bello UM, Kwan RYC. Effects of dance intervention on agitation and cognitive functioning of people living with dementia in institutional care facilities: Systematic review. Geriatr Nurs. 2021;42(6):1332-40.
35. Cruz RF. Dance/Movement Therapy and Developments in Empirical Research: The First 50 Years. American journal of dance therapy. 2016;38(2):297-302.
36. Munn Z, Moola S, Riitano D, Lisy K. The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2014;3(3):123.
37. Smith V, Devane D, Begley CM, Clarke M. Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC medical research methodology. 2011;11(1):1-6.
38. Klusemann M, Fay T, Pyne D, Drinkwater E. Relationship between functional movement screens and physical performance tests in junior basketball athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2011;14:e109-e10.
39. Wu C-C, Xiong H-Y, Zheng J-J, Wang X-Q. Dance movement therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022;14:975711.
40. Gronek P, Boraczyński M, Haas AN, Adamczyk J, Pawlaczyk M, Czarny W, et al. Body adaptation to dance: A gerontological perspective. Aging and disease. 2021;12(3):902.
41. Liu C, Su M, Jiao Y, Ji Y, Zhu S. Effects of dance interventions on cognition, psycho-behavioral symptoms, motor functions, and quality of life in older adult patients with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2021;13:706609.
42. Vega-Ávila GC, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rivas-Campo Y, García-Garro PA, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MdC, et al. Rhythmic physical activity and global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(19):12230.
43. Wu C, Yi Q, Zheng X, Cui S, Chen B, Lu L, et al. Effects of mind‐body exercises on cognitive function in older adults: A meta‐analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2019;67(4):749-58.
44. Begde A, Jain M, Hogervorst E, Wilcockson T. Does physical exercise improve the capacity for independent living in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Aging & Mental Health. 2022;26(12):2317-27.
45. Meyer C, O’Keefe F. Non-pharmacological interventions for people with dementia: A review of reviews. Dementia. 2020;19(6):1927-54.
46. Park J, Cohen I. Effects of exercise interventions in older adults with various types of dementia: systematic review. Activities, Adaptation & Aging. 2019;43(2):83-117.
47. Soufineyestani M, Khan A, Sufineyestani M. Impacts of music intervention on dementia: A review using meta-narrative method and agenda for future research. Neurology International. 2021;13(1):1-17.
48. Hill NT, Mowszowski L, Naismith SL, Chadwick VL, Valenzuela M, Lampit A. Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2017;174(4):329-40.
49. Devere R. Music and dementia: An overview. Practical Neurology. 2017;16(5):32-5.
50. Trnka R, Cabelkova I, Kuška M, Nikolai T. Cognitive decline influences emotional creativity in the elderly. Creativity Research Journal. 2019;31(1):93-101.
51. Ellis NC. Essentials of a theory of language cognition. The Modern Language Journal. 2019;103:39-60.
52. Miao GQ, Dale R, Galati A. (Mis) align: A simple dynamic framework for modeling interpersonal coordination. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):18325.
53. Kattenstroth J-C, Kalisch T, Holt S, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Six months of dance intervention enhances postural, sensorimotor, and cognitive performance in the elderly without affecting cardio-respiratory functions. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2013;5:5.
54. Salihu D, Wong EML, Kwan RYC. Effects of an African Circle Dance Programme on Internally Displaced Persons with Depressive Symptoms: A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan 19;18(2):843.
2. Kent S, Devonport TJ, Lane AM, Nicholls W, Friesen AP. The effects of coping interventions on the ability to perform under pressure. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. 2018 Mar;17(1):40.
3. Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V, Costafreda SG, Huntley J, Ames D, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2673-734.
4. Halse I, Bjørkløf GH, Engedal K, Selbæk G, Barca ML. Control beliefs among people with dementia: A systematic review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 2021 Jun 21;50(3):205-23.
5. Rost NS, Brodtmann A, Pase MP, van Veluw SJ, Biffi A, Duering M, et al. Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Circulation research. 2022;130(8):1252-71.
6. Crivelli L, Palmer K, Calandri I, Guekht A, Beghi E, Carroll W, et al. Changes in cognitive functioning after COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2022;18(5):1047-66.
7. Rajan KB, Weuve J, Barnes LL, McAninch EA, Wilson RS, Evans DA. Population estimate of people with clinical Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment in the United States (2020–2060). Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2021;17(12):1966-75.
8. Dunne RA, Aarsland D, O’Brien JT, Ballard C, Banerjee S, Fox NC, Isaacs JD, Underwood BR, Perry RJ, Chan D, Dening T. Mild cognitive impairment: the Manchester consensus. Age and Ageing. 2021 Jan;50(1):72-80.
9. Salihu D, Wong EML, Bello UM, Kwan RYC. Effects of dance intervention on agitation and cognitive functioning of people living with dementia in institutional care facilities: Systematic review. Geriatric Nursing. 2021;42(6):1332-40.
10. Anderson ND, Murphy KJ, Troyer AK. Living with mild cognitive impairment: a guide to maximizing brain health and reducing the risk of dementia: Oxford University Press; 2024.
11. Liew TM. Trajectories of subjective cognitive decline, and the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 2020;12:1-12.
12. Tsapanou A, Papatriantafyllou JD, Yiannopoulou K, Sali D, Kalligerou F, Ntanasi E, et al. The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on people with mild cognitive impairment/dementia and on their caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2021;36(4):583-7.
13. Kasper S, Bancher C, Eckert A, Förstl H, Frölich L, Hort J, et al. Management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI): The need for national and international guidelines. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry. 2020;21(8):579-94.
14. Demurtas J, Schoene D, Torbahn G, Marengoni A, Grande G, Zou L, et al. Physical activity and exercise in mild cognitive impairment and dementia: an umbrella review of intervention and observational studies. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020;21(10):1415-22. e6.
15. Maraz A, Király O, Urbán R, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics Z. Why do you dance? Development of the Dance Motivation Inventory (DMI). PloS One. 2015;10(3):e0122866.
16. Murcia CQ, Bongard S, Kreutz G. Emotional and neurohumoral responses to dancing tango argentino the effects of music and partner. Music and Medicine. 2009;1(1):14-21.
17. Behrends A, Müller S, Dziobek I. Moving in and out of synchrony: A concept for a new intervention fostering empathy through interactional movement and dance. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2012;39(2):107-16.
18. Meekums B, Karkou V, Nelson EA. Dance movement therapy for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015(2).
19. Karkou V, Aithal S, Richards M, Hiley E, Meekums B. Dance movement therapy for dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023(8).
20. Meng X, Li G, Jia Y, Liu Y, Shang B, Liu P, Bao X, Chen L. Effects of dance intervention on global cognition, executive function and memory of older adults: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2020 Jan;32:7-19.
21. Zhu Y, Zhong Q, Ji J, Ma J, Wu H, Gao Y, Ali N, Wang T. Effects of aerobic dance on cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 2020 Jan 1;74(2):679-90.
22. Hewston P, Kennedy CC, Borhan S, Merom D, Santaguida P, Ioannidis G, Marr S, Santesso N, Thabane L, Bray S, Papaioannou A. Effects of dance on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Age and Ageing. 2021 Jul;50(4):1084-92.
23. Mabire J-B, Aquino J-P, Charras K. Dance interventions for people with dementia: systematic review and practice recommendations. International Psychogeriatrics. 2019;31(7):977-87.
24. Lyons S, Karkou V, Roe B, Meekums B, Richards M. What research evidence is there that dance movement therapy improves the health and well-being of older adults with dementia? A systematic review and descriptive narrative summary. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 2018;60:32-40.
25. Van der Steen JT, Smaling HJ, Van der Wouden JC, Bruinsma MS, Scholten RJ, Vink AC. Music‐based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (7).
26. Flynn B. The benefits of dance therapy for older adults with Dementia: A systematic review of the literature. 2018.
27. Ruiz-Muelle A, López-Rodríguez MM. Dance for people with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review. Current Alzheimer Research. 2019;16(10):919-33.
28. Manji I, Wells S, Dal Bello-Haas V, Fallavollita P. Impact of dance interventions on the symptoms of dementia: A mixed-methods systematic review. Arts & Health. 2023:1-25.
29. Buda L, Kerzner L. Dance Therapy for Dementia in Care Facilities: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2023;24(5):B29.
30. Klimova B, Valis M, Kuca K. Dancing as an intervention tool for people with dementia: a mini-review dancing and dementia. Current Alzheimer Research. 2017;14(12):1264-9.
31. Wells M, Yang F. Ballroom dance as a form of rehabilitation: A systematic review. Biomechanics. 2021;1(3):307-20.
32. Wu VX, Chi Y, Lee JK, Goh HS, Chen DYM, Haugan G, et al. The effect of dance interventions on cognition, neuroplasticity, physical function, depression, and quality of life for older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2021;122:104025.
33. Parums DV. Review articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2021;27:e934475-1.
34. Salihu D, Wong EML, Bello UM, Kwan RYC. Effects of dance intervention on agitation and cognitive functioning of people living with dementia in institutional care facilities: Systematic review. Geriatr Nurs. 2021;42(6):1332-40.
35. Cruz RF. Dance/Movement Therapy and Developments in Empirical Research: The First 50 Years. American journal of dance therapy. 2016;38(2):297-302.
36. Munn Z, Moola S, Riitano D, Lisy K. The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. International Journal of Health Policy and Management. 2014;3(3):123.
37. Smith V, Devane D, Begley CM, Clarke M. Methodology in conducting a systematic review of systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. BMC medical research methodology. 2011;11(1):1-6.
38. Klusemann M, Fay T, Pyne D, Drinkwater E. Relationship between functional movement screens and physical performance tests in junior basketball athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2011;14:e109-e10.
39. Wu C-C, Xiong H-Y, Zheng J-J, Wang X-Q. Dance movement therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2022;14:975711.
40. Gronek P, Boraczyński M, Haas AN, Adamczyk J, Pawlaczyk M, Czarny W, et al. Body adaptation to dance: A gerontological perspective. Aging and disease. 2021;12(3):902.
41. Liu C, Su M, Jiao Y, Ji Y, Zhu S. Effects of dance interventions on cognition, psycho-behavioral symptoms, motor functions, and quality of life in older adult patients with mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2021;13:706609.
42. Vega-Ávila GC, Afanador-Restrepo DF, Rivas-Campo Y, García-Garro PA, Hita-Contreras F, Carcelén-Fraile MdC, et al. Rhythmic physical activity and global cognition in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022;19(19):12230.
43. Wu C, Yi Q, Zheng X, Cui S, Chen B, Lu L, et al. Effects of mind‐body exercises on cognitive function in older adults: A meta‐analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2019;67(4):749-58.
44. Begde A, Jain M, Hogervorst E, Wilcockson T. Does physical exercise improve the capacity for independent living in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Aging & Mental Health. 2022;26(12):2317-27.
45. Meyer C, O’Keefe F. Non-pharmacological interventions for people with dementia: A review of reviews. Dementia. 2020;19(6):1927-54.
46. Park J, Cohen I. Effects of exercise interventions in older adults with various types of dementia: systematic review. Activities, Adaptation & Aging. 2019;43(2):83-117.
47. Soufineyestani M, Khan A, Sufineyestani M. Impacts of music intervention on dementia: A review using meta-narrative method and agenda for future research. Neurology International. 2021;13(1):1-17.
48. Hill NT, Mowszowski L, Naismith SL, Chadwick VL, Valenzuela M, Lampit A. Computerized cognitive training in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2017;174(4):329-40.
49. Devere R. Music and dementia: An overview. Practical Neurology. 2017;16(5):32-5.
50. Trnka R, Cabelkova I, Kuška M, Nikolai T. Cognitive decline influences emotional creativity in the elderly. Creativity Research Journal. 2019;31(1):93-101.
51. Ellis NC. Essentials of a theory of language cognition. The Modern Language Journal. 2019;103:39-60.
52. Miao GQ, Dale R, Galati A. (Mis) align: A simple dynamic framework for modeling interpersonal coordination. Scientific Reports. 2023;13(1):18325.
53. Kattenstroth J-C, Kalisch T, Holt S, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Six months of dance intervention enhances postural, sensorimotor, and cognitive performance in the elderly without affecting cardio-respiratory functions. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2013;5:5.
54. Salihu D, Wong EML, Kwan RYC. Effects of an African Circle Dance Programme on Internally Displaced Persons with Depressive Symptoms: A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan 19;18(2):843.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 1 (2025): Winter | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v12i1.17522 | |
| Keywords | ||
| dance therapy; dementia; cognitive performance; systematic review | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Salihu D, Sulaiman S, Bello U, Ramadan OME, Yahaya H, Chutiyami M. The effectiveness of dance interventions on the cognitive functioning of people with dementia or cognitive impairment: A systematic review. NPT. 2024;12(1):12-27.
