Impact of resilience, social support and perceived health status on happiness among nursing students
Abstract
Background & Aim: While happiness is essential for success of nursing students, it's often challenged by academic, clinical, and personal stressors. This study aims to examine factors influencing nursing student happiness in the post-pandemic era to inform interventions for improved well-being and future success.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 full-time nursing students at a university in Vietnam. A stratified random sampling was applied. The ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to assess the difference and correlation between independent and dependent variables. Multiple linear regression was used to explore predictors of happiness among nursing students with a p-value less than 0.05.
Results: The mean score of happiness of nursing students was 3.99 (SD=0.51) out of 6. Reason for enrolling in nursing (p=0.021), satisfaction with the nursing field (p<0.001), perceived health status (p<0.001), resilience (r=0.493, p<0.001), social support (r=0.628, p<0.001) was related to happiness. Perceived health status (β=-0.214, t=-0.214, p<0.001), resilience (β=0.322, t=7.373, p<0.001), and support from family (β=0.361, t=5.316, p<0.001) were predictors of happiness.
Conclusion: The study highlights the need for interventions to improve happiness among nursing students, focusing on enhancing resilience, family support, and overall health. By fostering happiness among nursing students, institutions can cultivate a more positive learning environment, produce more competent and compassionate nurses, and ultimately improve patient care.
1. Ng Y-K. What is Happiness? Why is Happiness Important? In: Ng Y-K, editor. Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2022. p. 1-14.
2. Khan SM, Abbas J. Mindfulness and happiness and their impact on employee creative performance: Mediating role of creative process engagement. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2022;44:101027.
3. Tan C-S, Tan S-A, Mohd Hashim IH, Lee M-N, Ong AW-H, Yaacob SnB. Problem-Solving Ability and Stress Mediate the Relationship Between Creativity and Happiness. Creativity Research Journal. 2019;31(1):15-25.
4. Quoidbach J, Taquet M, Desseilles M, de Montjoye Y-A, Gross JJ. Happiness and social behavior. Psychological science. 2019;30(8):1111-22.
5. Milić J, Škrlec I, Milić Vranješ I, Podgornjak M, Heffer M. High levels of depression and anxiety among Croatian medical and nursing students and the correlation between subjective happiness and personality traits. International Review of Psychiatry. 2019;31(7-8):653-60.
6. Amani Nezhad J, Abazari F, Mardani A, Maleki M, Hebda T. Happiness and Achievement Motivation among Iranian Nursing Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study. BioMed Research International. 2022;2022(1):4007048.
7. Aboalshamat KT, Alsiyud AO, Al-Sayed RA, Alreddadi RS, Faqiehi SS, Almehmadi SA. The relationship between resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction in dental and medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21(8):1038-43.
8. Jun WH, Jo MJ. Factor affecting happiness among nursing students in South Korea. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2016;23(6-7):419-26.
9. Kumar TKA, Khakha DC, Joshi P, Das S, Manu KJ. Happiness and its determinants among nursing students. Ind Psychiatry J. 2022;31(2):293-8.
10. Jung H-O, Han S-W. Factors that influence happiness of nursing students according to COVID-19 infection status. BMC Nursing. 2024;23(1):588.
11. Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2016;46(14):2955-70.
12. Zhai Y, Du X. Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:113003.
13. Yildizeli Topçu S, Kizilcik Özkan Z, Makal Orğan E, Ünver S, Soydaş D, Yildiz Findik Ü. Effect of the pandemic on stress perception of nursing students during clinical internships: A cross-sectional study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2024;19(2):e269-e75.
14. Aloweni F, Ayre TC, Teo I, Tan HK, Lim SH. A year after COVID-19: Its impact on nurses' psychological well-being. J Nurs Manag. 2022;30(7):2585-96.
15. Ngoc NB, Tuan NV. Stress among nursing students in Vietnam: Prevalence and associated factors. International Nursing Review. 2024;71(1):28-34.
16. Ho TTQ, Nguyen BTN, Nguyen NPH. Academic stress and depression among vietnamese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of life satisfaction and resilience. Current Psychology. 2023;42(31):27217-27.
17. Tien Nam P, Thanh Tung P, Phuong Linh B, Hanh Dung N, Van Minh H. Happiness among university students and associated factors: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam. J Public Health Res. 2024;13(3):1-10.
18. Nguyen N, Calderon Jr R, Nguyen K, Nguyen Q-C, Thuy H, Thuận N, et al. Happiness, stress, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors among Vietnamese university students. Journal of public health. 2020;18:58-73.
19. Gause G, Mokgaola IO, Rakhudu MA. Technology usage for teaching and learning in nursing education: An integrative review. Curationis. 2022;45(1):1-9.
20. Maghsoodi E, Vanaki Z, Mohammadi E. Nurses' perception of work and life under COVID-19 pandemic conditions: a qualitative study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1-14.
21. Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194-200.
22. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1988;52(1):30-41.
23. Hills P, Argyle M. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences. 2002;33(7):1071-82.
24. Cha ES, Kim KH, Erlen JA. Translation of scales in cross-cultural research: issues and techniques. J Adv Nurs. 2007;58(4):386-95.
25. Kim JH. Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(6):558-69.
26. Jo M-J. The Factors related to Happiness among Nursing Students. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2016;22:182-90.
27. Mudgal S, Rulaniya S, Asoo S, Gaur R, Khan D. Predictors of Happiness among Budding Nurses: Across-Sectional Web-based Study among Indian Nursing Students. Saudi J Nurs Health Care. 2021;4(8):256-62.
28. Cho IY. Factors Influencing on the Subjective Happiness of Senior Nursing Students. The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2020;21:118-28.
29. Yeşi̇ltepe A, Sayar S, Çal A. Investigation of the effect of the life satisfaction and psychological well-being of nursing students on their happiness levels. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2022;58(2):541-8.
30. Ei Hussein MT, Mushaluk C. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Nursing Students and New Graduate Nurses: A Scoping Review. Research and theory for nursing practice. 2023;38(1).
31. Phillips CD, Hemphill JC. Importance of Mental Health Education in Nursing. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2023;44(9):918-22.
32. Rayani AM, Alodhailah AM, Alreshidi SM. A cross-sectional study of resilience and well-being among nursing students in Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open Med. 2024;12:1-8.
33. Akbari B. Effectiveness of Training Psychological Resilience on Aggression and Happiness among Students. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2017;27(1):1-7.
34. Labrague LJ. Resilience as a mediator in the relationship between stress-associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in student nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education in Practice. 2021;56:103182.
35. Rees T, Freeman P. The effects of perceived and received support on self-confidence. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2007;25(9):1057-65.
36. Bum C-H, Jeon I-K. Structural relationships between students' social support and self-esteem, depression, and happiness. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2016;44(11):1761-74.
37. Yıldırım N, Karaca A, Cangur S, Acıkgoz F, Akkus D. The relationship between educational stress, stress coping, self-esteem, social support, and health status among nursing students in Turkey: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;48:33-9.
38. Thi Thuy N. Emotional - Behavioral Difficulties and Prosocial Behaviour among Vietnamese Adolescents: the Role of Social Support. Health Psychol Res. 2024;12:116967.
39. Fuller HR, Huseth-Zosel A, Hofmann B, Van Vleet B, Kinkade E, Carlson SL, et al. Shifts in Older Adults' Social Connections Throughout the Initial Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontologist. 2022;62(8):1160-72.
40. Perez-Brumer A, Balasa R, Doshi A, Brogdon J, Doan T, Oldenburg CE. COVID-19 Related Shifts in Social Interaction, Connection, and Cohesion Impact Psychosocial Health: Longitudinal Qualitative Findings from COVID-19 Treatment Trial Engaged Participants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(16).
2. Khan SM, Abbas J. Mindfulness and happiness and their impact on employee creative performance: Mediating role of creative process engagement. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 2022;44:101027.
3. Tan C-S, Tan S-A, Mohd Hashim IH, Lee M-N, Ong AW-H, Yaacob SnB. Problem-Solving Ability and Stress Mediate the Relationship Between Creativity and Happiness. Creativity Research Journal. 2019;31(1):15-25.
4. Quoidbach J, Taquet M, Desseilles M, de Montjoye Y-A, Gross JJ. Happiness and social behavior. Psychological science. 2019;30(8):1111-22.
5. Milić J, Škrlec I, Milić Vranješ I, Podgornjak M, Heffer M. High levels of depression and anxiety among Croatian medical and nursing students and the correlation between subjective happiness and personality traits. International Review of Psychiatry. 2019;31(7-8):653-60.
6. Amani Nezhad J, Abazari F, Mardani A, Maleki M, Hebda T. Happiness and Achievement Motivation among Iranian Nursing Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study. BioMed Research International. 2022;2022(1):4007048.
7. Aboalshamat KT, Alsiyud AO, Al-Sayed RA, Alreddadi RS, Faqiehi SS, Almehmadi SA. The relationship between resilience, happiness, and life satisfaction in dental and medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Niger J Clin Pract. 2018;21(8):1038-43.
8. Jun WH, Jo MJ. Factor affecting happiness among nursing students in South Korea. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2016;23(6-7):419-26.
9. Kumar TKA, Khakha DC, Joshi P, Das S, Manu KJ. Happiness and its determinants among nursing students. Ind Psychiatry J. 2022;31(2):293-8.
10. Jung H-O, Han S-W. Factors that influence happiness of nursing students according to COVID-19 infection status. BMC Nursing. 2024;23(1):588.
11. Auerbach RP, Alonso J, Axinn WG, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, et al. Mental disorders among college students in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2016;46(14):2955-70.
12. Zhai Y, Du X. Addressing collegiate mental health amid COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020;288:113003.
13. Yildizeli Topçu S, Kizilcik Özkan Z, Makal Orğan E, Ünver S, Soydaş D, Yildiz Findik Ü. Effect of the pandemic on stress perception of nursing students during clinical internships: A cross-sectional study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing. 2024;19(2):e269-e75.
14. Aloweni F, Ayre TC, Teo I, Tan HK, Lim SH. A year after COVID-19: Its impact on nurses' psychological well-being. J Nurs Manag. 2022;30(7):2585-96.
15. Ngoc NB, Tuan NV. Stress among nursing students in Vietnam: Prevalence and associated factors. International Nursing Review. 2024;71(1):28-34.
16. Ho TTQ, Nguyen BTN, Nguyen NPH. Academic stress and depression among vietnamese adolescents: a moderated mediation model of life satisfaction and resilience. Current Psychology. 2023;42(31):27217-27.
17. Tien Nam P, Thanh Tung P, Phuong Linh B, Hanh Dung N, Van Minh H. Happiness among university students and associated factors: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam. J Public Health Res. 2024;13(3):1-10.
18. Nguyen N, Calderon Jr R, Nguyen K, Nguyen Q-C, Thuy H, Thuận N, et al. Happiness, stress, depressive symptoms, and health behaviors among Vietnamese university students. Journal of public health. 2020;18:58-73.
19. Gause G, Mokgaola IO, Rakhudu MA. Technology usage for teaching and learning in nursing education: An integrative review. Curationis. 2022;45(1):1-9.
20. Maghsoodi E, Vanaki Z, Mohammadi E. Nurses' perception of work and life under COVID-19 pandemic conditions: a qualitative study. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1-14.
21. Smith BW, Dalen J, Wiggins K, Tooley E, Christopher P, Bernard J. The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. Int J Behav Med. 2008;15(3):194-200.
22. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1988;52(1):30-41.
23. Hills P, Argyle M. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire: A compact scale for the measurement of psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences. 2002;33(7):1071-82.
24. Cha ES, Kim KH, Erlen JA. Translation of scales in cross-cultural research: issues and techniques. J Adv Nurs. 2007;58(4):386-95.
25. Kim JH. Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019;72(6):558-69.
26. Jo M-J. The Factors related to Happiness among Nursing Students. The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education. 2016;22:182-90.
27. Mudgal S, Rulaniya S, Asoo S, Gaur R, Khan D. Predictors of Happiness among Budding Nurses: Across-Sectional Web-based Study among Indian Nursing Students. Saudi J Nurs Health Care. 2021;4(8):256-62.
28. Cho IY. Factors Influencing on the Subjective Happiness of Senior Nursing Students. The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. 2020;21:118-28.
29. Yeşi̇ltepe A, Sayar S, Çal A. Investigation of the effect of the life satisfaction and psychological well-being of nursing students on their happiness levels. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2022;58(2):541-8.
30. Ei Hussein MT, Mushaluk C. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Nursing Students and New Graduate Nurses: A Scoping Review. Research and theory for nursing practice. 2023;38(1).
31. Phillips CD, Hemphill JC. Importance of Mental Health Education in Nursing. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2023;44(9):918-22.
32. Rayani AM, Alodhailah AM, Alreshidi SM. A cross-sectional study of resilience and well-being among nursing students in Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open Med. 2024;12:1-8.
33. Akbari B. Effectiveness of Training Psychological Resilience on Aggression and Happiness among Students. Journal of Holistic Nursing And Midwifery. 2017;27(1):1-7.
34. Labrague LJ. Resilience as a mediator in the relationship between stress-associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, life satisfaction, and psychological well-being in student nurses: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education in Practice. 2021;56:103182.
35. Rees T, Freeman P. The effects of perceived and received support on self-confidence. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2007;25(9):1057-65.
36. Bum C-H, Jeon I-K. Structural relationships between students' social support and self-esteem, depression, and happiness. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2016;44(11):1761-74.
37. Yıldırım N, Karaca A, Cangur S, Acıkgoz F, Akkus D. The relationship between educational stress, stress coping, self-esteem, social support, and health status among nursing students in Turkey: A structural equation modeling approach. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;48:33-9.
38. Thi Thuy N. Emotional - Behavioral Difficulties and Prosocial Behaviour among Vietnamese Adolescents: the Role of Social Support. Health Psychol Res. 2024;12:116967.
39. Fuller HR, Huseth-Zosel A, Hofmann B, Van Vleet B, Kinkade E, Carlson SL, et al. Shifts in Older Adults' Social Connections Throughout the Initial Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Gerontologist. 2022;62(8):1160-72.
40. Perez-Brumer A, Balasa R, Doshi A, Brogdon J, Doan T, Oldenburg CE. COVID-19 Related Shifts in Social Interaction, Connection, and Cohesion Impact Psychosocial Health: Longitudinal Qualitative Findings from COVID-19 Treatment Trial Engaged Participants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(16).
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Happiness resilience social support nursing students Vietnam. | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Nga N, Mai D, Thuy P, Linh T. Impact of resilience, social support and perceived health status on happiness among nursing students. NPT. 2025;:X-X.
