Nurses’ perception of reasons for turnover: Thematic synthesis of qualitative research studies
,
Abstract
Background & Aim: Nurse turnover has long been considered a serious and global issue, contributing significantly to the nursing shortage in healthcare institutions around the world. This study aimed to synthesise evidence from qualitative studies concerning nurses' perceptions of the reasons for their turnover in clinical practice.
Methods & Materials: A literature review of qualitative studies was performed according to the PRISMA statement. A systematic search of the literature was performed on five academic databases, specifically Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID Nursing. The search identified 10 relevant qualitative studies published between 2013–2024. Primary studies were critically evaluated using the CASP checklist, and thematic synthesis was applied according to the method described by Thomas and Harden.
Results: Four analytical themes synthesized from twelve descriptive themes expressing nurses' experiences with their reasons for turnover were synthesized from the primary studies included in this literature review. These reasons were reflected in the following themes: Obstacles in achieving and maintaining professional role; Threatened well-being of nurses in everyday practice; Lack of teamwork and collaboration; Ineffective leadership.
Conclusion: The identified themes suggest that nurses experience a wide range of interconnected reasons influencing their decision to leave their positions. These themes highlight actionable areas for healthcare organizations, including leadership reform and burnout mitigation. Addressing these reasons requires a detailed analysis of them, setting long-term strategies at multiple levels with systemic solutions, with a clear vision of how to reduce nurse turnover. The findings of thematic synthesis suggest topics for further research in a deeper understanding of nurse turnover.
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2. Falatah R, Salem OA. Nurse turnover in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2018 Sep;26(6):630-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12603
3. Brook J, Aitken L, Webb R, MacLaren J, Salmon D. Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019 Mar;91:47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.11.003
4. Adams R, Ryan T, Wood E. Understanding the factors that affect retention within the mental health nursing workforce: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2021 Dec;30(6):1476-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12904
5. Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nursing Open. 2023 May;10(5):2842-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1588
6. Wu F, Lao Y, Feng Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li L. Worldwide prevalence and associated factors of nursing staff turnover: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nursing Open. 2024 Jan;11(1):e2097. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2097
7. Buchan J, Catton H. Recover to rebuild: investing in the nursing workforce for health system effectiveness [Internet]. International Council of Nurses; 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 16]. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/2023-07/ICN_Recover-to-Rebuild_report_EN.pdf
8. Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: A threat to equity and 'universal' health coverage? BMJ Global Health. 2022 Jun;7(6):e009316. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009316
9. World Health Organization. State of the world's nursing 2020: investing in education, jobs and leadership [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2025 Feb 16]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/331677/9789240003279-eng.pdf
10. Bae SH, Kim S, Myung H. Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023 Nov;11:1255983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1255983
11. Hom PW, Lee TW, Shaw JD, Hausknecht JP. One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2017 Mar;102(3):530-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103
12. Woodward KF, Willgerodt M. A systematic review of registered nurse turnover and retention in the United States. Nursing Outlook. 2022 Jul-Aug;70(4):664-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.04.005
13. Elangovan AR, Kar A, Steinke C. Meaningful moves: A meaning-based view of nurses' turnover. Health Services Management Research. 2022 Feb;35(1):48-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/09514848211010427
14. Bae SH. Noneconomic and economic impacts of nurse turnover in hospitals: A systematic review. International Nursing Review. 2022 Sep;69(3):392-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12769
15. Albalawi AM, Pascua GP, Alsaleh SA, Sabry W, Ahajan SN, Abdulla J, et al. Factors influencing nurses turnover in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Nursing Forum. 2024 Jul;2024:4987339. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4987339
16. Villamin P, Lopez V, Thapa DK, Cleary M. Retention and turnover among migrant nurses: A scoping review. International Nursing Review. 2024 Sep;71(3):541-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12861
17. McIntyre N, Crilly J, Elder E. Factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency department nurses: A scoping review. International Emergency Nursing. 2024 Jun;74:101437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101437
18. Ervariawati T, Yetti K, Novieastari E, Kuntarti K. The perception discrepancy of nurse turnover in hospital. Enfermería Clínica. 2019 Sep;29(S2):780-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.118
19. Krein SL, Turnwald M, Anderson B, Maust DT. "Sometimes it's not about the money... it's the way you treat people...": A qualitative study of nursing home staff turnover. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022 Jul;23(7):1178-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.036
20. Choi SPP, Yeung CCY, Lee JKL. A phenomenological study of the work environment in long-term care facilities for older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 2020 Jun;39(6):651-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464818776786
21. Randa MB, Phale JM. The effects of high nurses' turnover on patient care: perspectives of unit managers in critical care units. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 2023 Jun;19:100580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100580
22. McDermid F, Mannix J, Peters K. Factors contributing to high turnover rates of emergency nurses: A review of the literature. Australian Critical Care. 2020 Jul;33(4):390-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2019.09.002
23. Bahlman-van Ooijen W, Malfait S, Huisman-de Waal G, Hafsteinsdóttir TB. Nurses' motivations to leave the nursing profession: A qualitative meta-aggregation. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2023 Dec;79(12):4455-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15696
24. Green BN, Johnson CD, Adams A. Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2006 Autumn;5(3):101-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
26. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP checklist: for qualitative research [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Aug 10]. Available from: https://casp-uk.net/casp-checklists/CASP-checklist-qualitative-2024.pdf
27. Thomas J, Harden A. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2008 Jul;8:45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
28. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. 2016 Dec;5:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4
29. Bäckström J, Pöder U, Karlsson A. I was merely a brick in the game: A qualitative study on registered nurses' reasons for quitting their jobs in hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management. 2024 Mar;2024:6662802. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6662802
30. Campbell KA, Van Borek N, Marcellus L, Landy CK, Jack SM; British Columbia Healthy Connections Project Process Evaluation Research Team. "The hardest job you will ever love": nurse recruitment, retention, and turnover in the Nurse-Family Partnership program in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS One. 2020 Sep;15(9):e0237028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237028
31. Chachula KM, Myrick F, Yonge O. Letting go: How newly graduated registered nurses in Western Canada decide to exit the nursing profession. Nurse Education Today. 2015 Jul;35(7):912-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.02.024
32. Çamveren H, Arslan Yürümezoğlu H, Kocaman G. Why do young nurses leave their organization? A qualitative descriptive study. International Nursing Review. 2020 Dec;67(4):519-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12633
33. Flinkman M, Isopahkala-Bouret U, Salanterä S. Young registered nurses' intention to leave the profession and professional turnover in early career: A qualitative case study. ISRN Nursing. 2013 Aug;2013:916061. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/916061
34. Hayward D, Bungay V, Wolff AC, MacDonald V. A qualitative study of experienced nurses' voluntary turnover: Learning from their perspectives. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2016 May;25(9-10):1336-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13210
35. Kox JHAM, Groenewoud JH, Bakker EJM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Runhaar J, Miedema HS, et al. Reasons why Dutch novice nurses leave nursing: A qualitative approach. Nurse Education in Practice. 2020 Aug;47:102848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102848
36. Roth C, Wensing M, Breckner A, Mahler C, Krug K, Berger S. Keeping nurses in nursing: a qualitative study of German nurses' perceptions of push and pull factors to leave or stay in the profession. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00822-4
37. Zhu J, Rodgers S, Melia KM. A qualitative exploration of nurses leaving nursing practice in China. Nursing Open. 2014 Dec;2(1):3-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.11
38. Zhu H, Xu C, Jiang H, Li M. A qualitative study on the experiences and attributions for resigned nurses with career plateau. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021 May;8(3):325-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.006
39. Hu H, Wang C, Lan Y, Wu X. Nurses' turnover intention, hope and career identity: The mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00821-5
40. Ha TTT, Thuy LT, Thanh DTH. Factors affecting career turnover intention after graduation among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Central Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2023;10(3):229-38. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v10i3.13432
41. Dewanto A, Wardhani V. Nurse turnover and perceived causes and consequences: A preliminary study at private hospitals in Indonesia. BMC Nursing. 2018 Dec;17(Suppl 2):52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-018-0317-8
42. Gularte-Rinaldo J, Baumgardner R, Tilton T, Brailoff V. Mentorship ReSPeCT Study: A nurse mentorship program's impact on transition to practice and decision to remain in nursing for newly graduated nurses. Nurse Leader. 2023 Apr;21(2):262-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2022.07.003
43. Ofei AMA, Poku CA, Paarima Y, Barnes T, Kwashie AA. Toxic leadership behaviour of nurse managers and turnover intentions: The mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2023 Oct;22(1):374. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01539-8
44. Zhong Y, Ma H, Zhang CC, Jiang QY, Li J, Liao CJ, et al. Professional identity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Chinese novice nurses: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan;103(3):e36903. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000036903
45. Edmonson C, Zelonka C. Our own worst enemies: The nurse bullying epidemic. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 2019 Jul-Sep;43(3):274-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000353
46. Mabona JF, van Rooyen D, Ten Ham-Baloyi W. Best practice recommendations for healthy work environments for nurses: An integrative literature review. Health SA Gesondheid. 2022 Apr;27:1788. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1788
47. Kowalczuk K, Krajewska-Kułak E, Sobolewski M. Working excessively and burnout among nurses in the context of sick leaves. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 Feb;11:285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00285
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2. Falatah R, Salem OA. Nurse turnover in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2018 Sep;26(6):630-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12603
3. Brook J, Aitken L, Webb R, MacLaren J, Salmon D. Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019 Mar;91:47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.11.003
4. Adams R, Ryan T, Wood E. Understanding the factors that affect retention within the mental health nursing workforce: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2021 Dec;30(6):1476-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12904
5. Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nursing Open. 2023 May;10(5):2842-58. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1588
6. Wu F, Lao Y, Feng Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li L. Worldwide prevalence and associated factors of nursing staff turnover: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nursing Open. 2024 Jan;11(1):e2097. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2097
7. Buchan J, Catton H. Recover to rebuild: investing in the nursing workforce for health system effectiveness [Internet]. International Council of Nurses; 2023 [cited 2025 Feb 16]. Available from: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/2023-07/ICN_Recover-to-Rebuild_report_EN.pdf
8. Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: A threat to equity and 'universal' health coverage? BMJ Global Health. 2022 Jun;7(6):e009316. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009316
9. World Health Organization. State of the world's nursing 2020: investing in education, jobs and leadership [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2025 Feb 16]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/331677/9789240003279-eng.pdf
10. Bae SH, Kim S, Myung H. Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023 Nov;11:1255983. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1255983
11. Hom PW, Lee TW, Shaw JD, Hausknecht JP. One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2017 Mar;102(3):530-45. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000103
12. Woodward KF, Willgerodt M. A systematic review of registered nurse turnover and retention in the United States. Nursing Outlook. 2022 Jul-Aug;70(4):664-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2022.04.005
13. Elangovan AR, Kar A, Steinke C. Meaningful moves: A meaning-based view of nurses' turnover. Health Services Management Research. 2022 Feb;35(1):48-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/09514848211010427
14. Bae SH. Noneconomic and economic impacts of nurse turnover in hospitals: A systematic review. International Nursing Review. 2022 Sep;69(3):392-404. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12769
15. Albalawi AM, Pascua GP, Alsaleh SA, Sabry W, Ahajan SN, Abdulla J, et al. Factors influencing nurses turnover in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Nursing Forum. 2024 Jul;2024:4987339. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4987339
16. Villamin P, Lopez V, Thapa DK, Cleary M. Retention and turnover among migrant nurses: A scoping review. International Nursing Review. 2024 Sep;71(3):541-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12861
17. McIntyre N, Crilly J, Elder E. Factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency department nurses: A scoping review. International Emergency Nursing. 2024 Jun;74:101437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2024.101437
18. Ervariawati T, Yetti K, Novieastari E, Kuntarti K. The perception discrepancy of nurse turnover in hospital. Enfermería Clínica. 2019 Sep;29(S2):780-784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.118
19. Krein SL, Turnwald M, Anderson B, Maust DT. "Sometimes it's not about the money... it's the way you treat people...": A qualitative study of nursing home staff turnover. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022 Jul;23(7):1178-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2021.11.036
20. Choi SPP, Yeung CCY, Lee JKL. A phenomenological study of the work environment in long-term care facilities for older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology. 2020 Jun;39(6):651-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464818776786
21. Randa MB, Phale JM. The effects of high nurses' turnover on patient care: perspectives of unit managers in critical care units. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 2023 Jun;19:100580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100580
22. McDermid F, Mannix J, Peters K. Factors contributing to high turnover rates of emergency nurses: A review of the literature. Australian Critical Care. 2020 Jul;33(4):390-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2019.09.002
23. Bahlman-van Ooijen W, Malfait S, Huisman-de Waal G, Hafsteinsdóttir TB. Nurses' motivations to leave the nursing profession: A qualitative meta-aggregation. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2023 Dec;79(12):4455-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15696
24. Green BN, Johnson CD, Adams A. Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: Secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2006 Autumn;5(3):101-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-3467(07)60142-6
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
26. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP checklist: for qualitative research [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Aug 10]. Available from: https://casp-uk.net/casp-checklists/CASP-checklist-qualitative-2024.pdf
27. Thomas J, Harden A. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2008 Jul;8:45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45
28. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. 2016 Dec;5:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4
29. Bäckström J, Pöder U, Karlsson A. I was merely a brick in the game: A qualitative study on registered nurses' reasons for quitting their jobs in hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management. 2024 Mar;2024:6662802. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6662802
30. Campbell KA, Van Borek N, Marcellus L, Landy CK, Jack SM; British Columbia Healthy Connections Project Process Evaluation Research Team. "The hardest job you will ever love": nurse recruitment, retention, and turnover in the Nurse-Family Partnership program in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS One. 2020 Sep;15(9):e0237028. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237028
31. Chachula KM, Myrick F, Yonge O. Letting go: How newly graduated registered nurses in Western Canada decide to exit the nursing profession. Nurse Education Today. 2015 Jul;35(7):912-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.02.024
32. Çamveren H, Arslan Yürümezoğlu H, Kocaman G. Why do young nurses leave their organization? A qualitative descriptive study. International Nursing Review. 2020 Dec;67(4):519-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12633
33. Flinkman M, Isopahkala-Bouret U, Salanterä S. Young registered nurses' intention to leave the profession and professional turnover in early career: A qualitative case study. ISRN Nursing. 2013 Aug;2013:916061. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/916061
34. Hayward D, Bungay V, Wolff AC, MacDonald V. A qualitative study of experienced nurses' voluntary turnover: Learning from their perspectives. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2016 May;25(9-10):1336-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13210
35. Kox JHAM, Groenewoud JH, Bakker EJM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Runhaar J, Miedema HS, et al. Reasons why Dutch novice nurses leave nursing: A qualitative approach. Nurse Education in Practice. 2020 Aug;47:102848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102848
36. Roth C, Wensing M, Breckner A, Mahler C, Krug K, Berger S. Keeping nurses in nursing: a qualitative study of German nurses' perceptions of push and pull factors to leave or stay in the profession. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):48. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00822-4
37. Zhu J, Rodgers S, Melia KM. A qualitative exploration of nurses leaving nursing practice in China. Nursing Open. 2014 Dec;2(1):3-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.11
38. Zhu H, Xu C, Jiang H, Li M. A qualitative study on the experiences and attributions for resigned nurses with career plateau. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021 May;8(3):325-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2021.05.006
39. Hu H, Wang C, Lan Y, Wu X. Nurses' turnover intention, hope and career identity: The mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00821-5
40. Ha TTT, Thuy LT, Thanh DTH. Factors affecting career turnover intention after graduation among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Central Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2023;10(3):229-38. https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v10i3.13432
41. Dewanto A, Wardhani V. Nurse turnover and perceived causes and consequences: A preliminary study at private hospitals in Indonesia. BMC Nursing. 2018 Dec;17(Suppl 2):52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-018-0317-8
42. Gularte-Rinaldo J, Baumgardner R, Tilton T, Brailoff V. Mentorship ReSPeCT Study: A nurse mentorship program's impact on transition to practice and decision to remain in nursing for newly graduated nurses. Nurse Leader. 2023 Apr;21(2):262-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2022.07.003
43. Ofei AMA, Poku CA, Paarima Y, Barnes T, Kwashie AA. Toxic leadership behaviour of nurse managers and turnover intentions: The mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2023 Oct;22(1):374. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01539-8
44. Zhong Y, Ma H, Zhang CC, Jiang QY, Li J, Liao CJ, et al. Professional identity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Chinese novice nurses: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan;103(3):e36903. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000036903
45. Edmonson C, Zelonka C. Our own worst enemies: The nurse bullying epidemic. Nursing Administration Quarterly. 2019 Jul-Sep;43(3):274-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000353
46. Mabona JF, van Rooyen D, Ten Ham-Baloyi W. Best practice recommendations for healthy work environments for nurses: An integrative literature review. Health SA Gesondheid. 2022 Apr;27:1788. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1788
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| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| nurses; personnel turnover; qualitative research; literature review | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Tomagová M, Kohanová D, Žiaková K. Nurses’ perception of reasons for turnover: Thematic synthesis of qualitative research studies. NPT. 2025;:X-X.
