Nurses’ perception of reasons for turnover: Thematic synthesis of qualitative research studies
,
Abstract
Background & aim: Nurse turnover has long been considered a serious and global issue, significantly contributing to the nursing shortage in healthcare institutions worldwide. This literature review aimed to synthesise evidence from qualitative studies concerning nurses perceive the reasons for their turnover in their clinical practice.
Methods & materials: A literature review of qualitative studies was performed according to the PRISMA statement. A systematic search of the literature was performed across five academic databases, specifically Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science, and OVID Nursing. The search identified 10 relevant qualitative studies published between 2013–2024. Primary studies were critically evaluated using the CASP checklist, and thematic synthesis was applied based on the method described by Thomas and Harden.
Results: Five analytical themes synthetized from twelve descriptive themes expressing nurses' experiences with their reasons for turnover were synthesized from the primary studies included in this literature review. These reasons were reflected in the following themes: Achieving and maintaining professional role; Threatened well-being of nurses; Everyday practice; Teamwork and collaboration; Ineffective leadership.
Conclusion: The identified themes suggest that nurses experience a wide range of interconnected reasons influencing their decision to leave their positions. Addressing these reasons requires a detailed analysis of them, setting long-term strategies at multiple levels with systemic solutions with a clear vision of how to reduce nurse turnover. The findings of our thematic synthesis suggest topics for further research in a deeper understanding of nurse turnover.
1. Ren H, Li P, Xue Y., Xin W, Yin X, Li H. Global Prevalence of Nurse Turnover Rates: A Meta-Analysis of 21 Studies from 14 Countries. Journal of Nursing Management. 2024 Jun;2024:5063998.
2. Falatah R, Salem OA. Nurse turnover in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2018 Sep;26(6):630-638.
3. Brook J, Aitken L, Webb R, MacLaren J, Salmon D. Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019 Mar;91:47-59.
4. Adams R, Ryan T, Wood E. Understanding the factors that affect retention within the mental health nursing workforce: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2021 Dec;30(6):1476-1497.
5. Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nursing Open. 2023 May;10(5):2842-2858.
6. Wu F, Lao Y, Feng Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li L. Worldwide prevalence and associated factors of nursing staff turnover: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nursing Open. 2024 Jan;11(1):e2097.
7. Buchan J, Catton H. Recover to rebuild: investing in the nursing workforce for health system effectiveness. International Council of Nurses; 2023. P. 73. Available at: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/2023-07/ICN_Recover-to-Rebuild_report_EN.pdf.
Accessed February 16, 2025.
8. Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: a threat to equity and 'universal' health coverage? BMJ Global Health. 2022 Jun;7(6):e009316.
9. World Health Organization, 2020. State of the World’s Nursing 2020: Investing in education, jobs and leadership. Available at:
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/331677/9789240003279-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed February 16, 2025.
10. Bae SH, Kim S, Myung H. Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023 Nov;11:1255983.
11. Hom PW, Lee TW, Shaw JD, Hausknecht JP. One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2017 Mar;102(3):530-545.
12. Woodward KF, Willgerodt M. A systematic review of registered nurse turnover and retention in the United States. Nursing Outlook. 2022 Jul-Aug;70(4):664-678.
13. Elangovan AR, Kar A, Steinke C. Meaningful moves: A meaning-based view of nurses' turnover. Health Services Management Research. 2022 Feb;35(1):48-56.
14. Bae SH. Noneconomic and economic impacts of nurse turnover in hospitals: A systematic review. International Nursing Review. 2022 Sep;69(3):392-404.
15. Albalawi AM, Pascua GP, Alsaleh, SA, Sabry W, Ahajan SN, Abdulla J, Abdulalim A, Salih SS. Factors influencing nurses turnover in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Nursing Forum. 2024 Jul;2024:4987339.
16. Villamin P, Lopez V, Thapa DK, Cleary M. Retention and turnover among migrant nurses: A scoping review. International Nursing Review. 2024 Sep;71(3):541-555.
17. McIntyre N, Crilly J, Elder E. Factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency department nurses: A scoping review. International Emergency Nursing. 2024 Jun;74:101437.
18. Ervariawati T, Yetti K, Novieastari E, Kuntarti K. The perception discrepancy of nurse turnover in hospital. Enfermería clínica 2019 Sep;29(S2):780-784.
19. Krein SL, Turnwald M, Anderson B, Maust DT. "Sometimes it's not about the money... it's the way you treat people...": A Qualitative Study of Nursing Home Staff Turnover. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022 Jul;23(7):1178-1184.
20. Choi SPP, Yeung CCY, Lee JKL. A Phenomenological Study of the Work Environment in Long-Term Care Facilities for the Older Adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society. 2020 Jun;39(6):651-659.
21. Randa MB, Phale JM. The effects of high nurses’ turnover on patient care: Perspectives of unit managers in critical care units. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 2023 Jun;19:100580.
22. McDermid F, Judy Mannix, Peters K. Factors contributing to high turnover rates of emergency nurses: A review of the literature. Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses. 2020 Jul;33(4):390-396.
23. Bahlman-van Ooijen W, Malfait S, Huisman-de Waal G, Hafsteinsdóttir TB. Nurses' motivations to leave the nursing profession: A qualitative meta-aggregation. Journal of advanced nursing. 2023 Dec;79(12):4455-4471.
24. Green BN, Johnson CD, Adams A. Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2006 Autumn;5(3):101-17.
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar;372:n71.
26. CASP Checklist: For Qualitative Research. Available at: https://casp-uk.net/casp-checklists/CASP-checklist-qualitative-2024.pdf Accessed August 10,2024.
27. Thomas J, Harden A. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2008 Jul;8:45.
28. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. 2016 Dec;5:210.
29. Bäckström J, Pöder U, Karlsson A. I Was Merely a Brick in the Game: A Qualitative Study on Registered Nurses’ Reasons for Quitting Their Jobs in Hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management. 2024 Mar;2024:6662802.
30. Campbell KA, Van Borek N, Marcellus L, Landy CK, Jack SM; British Columbia Healthy Connections Project Process Evaluation Research Team. "The hardest job you will ever love": Nurse recruitment, retention, and turnover in the Nurse-Family Partnership program in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS One. 2020 Sep;15(9):e0237028.
31. Chachula KM, Myrick F, Yonge O. Letting go: How newly graduated registered nurses in Western Canada decide to exit the nursing profession. Nurse Education Today. 2015 Jul;35(7):912-8.
32. Çamveren H, Arslan Yürümezoğlu H, Kocaman G. Why do young nurses leave their organization? A qualitative descriptive study. International Nursing Review. 2020 Dec;67(4):519-528.
33. Flinkman M, Isopahkala-Bouret U, Salanterä S. Young registered nurses' intention to leave the profession and professional turnover in early career: a qualitative case study. ISRN Nursing. 2013 Aug;2013:916061.
34. Hayward D, Bungay V, Wolff AC, MacDonald V. A qualitative study of experienced nurses' voluntary turnover: learning from their perspectives. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2016 May;25(9-10):1336-1345
35. Kox JHAM, Groenewoud JH, Bakker EJM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Runhaar J, Miedema HS, Roelofs PDDM. Reasons why Dutch novice nurses leave nursing: A qualitative approach. Nurse Education in Practice. 2020 Aug;47:102848.
36. Roth C, Wensing M, Breckner A, Mahler C, Krug K, Berger S. Keeping nurses in nursing: a qualitative study of German nurses' perceptions of push and pull factors to leave or stay in the profession. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):48.
37. Zhu J, Rodgers S, Melia KM. A qualitative exploration of nurses leaving nursing practice in China. Nursing Open. 2014 Dec;2(1):3-13.
38. Zhu H, Xu C, Jiang H, Li M. A qualitative study on the experiences and attributions for resigned nurses with career plateau. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021 May;8(3):325-331.
39. Hu H, Wang C, Lan Y, Wu X. Nurses' turnover intention, hope and career identity: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):43.
40. Ha TTT, Thuy LT, Thanh DTH. Factors affecting career turnover intention after graduation among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Central Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2023; 10(3):229-238.
41. Dewanto A, Wardhani V. Nurse turnover and perceived causes and consequences: a preliminary study at private hospitals in Indonesia. BMC Nursing. 2018 Dec;17(Suppl 2):52.
42. Gularte-Rinaldo J, Baumgardner R, Tilton T, Brailoff V. Mentorship ReSPeCT Study: A Nurse Mentorship Program's Impact on Transition to Practice and Decision to Remain in Nursing for Newly Graduated Nurses. Nurse leader. 2023 Apr;21(2):262-267.
43. Ofei AMA, Poku CA, Paarima Y, Barnes T, Kwashie AA. Toxic leadership behaviour of nurse managers and turnover intentions: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2023 Oct;10;22(1):374.
44. Zhong Y, Ma H, Zhang CC, Jiang QY, Li J, Liao CJ, Liang YF, Shu L. Professional identity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Chinese novice nurses: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan;103(3):e36903.
45. Edmonson C, Zelonka C. Our Own Worst Enemies: The Nurse Bullying Epidemic. Nursing administration quarterly. 2019 Jul/Sep;43(3):274-279.
46. Mabona JF, van Rooyen D, Ten Ham-Baloyi W. Best practice recommendations for healthy work environments for nurses: An integrative literature review. Health SA. 2022 Apr;27:1788.
47. Kowalczuk K, Krajewska-Kułak E, Sobolewski M. Working Excessively and Burnout Among Nurses in the Context of Sick Leaves. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 Feb;11:285.
48. Zheng J, Feng S, Feng Y, Wang L, Gao R, Xue B. Relationship between burnout and turnover intention among nurses: a network analysis. BMC Nursing. 2024 Dec 18;23(1):921.
49. Kelly LA, Gee PM, Butler RJ. Impact of nurse burnout on organizational and position turnover. Nursing Outlook. 2021 Jan-Feb;69(1):96-102.
50. Turunç Ö, Çalışkan A, Akkoç İ, Köroğlu Ö, Gürsel G, Demirci A, Hazır K, Özcanarslan N. The Impact of Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Burnout Levels on Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Behavioral Sciences. 2024 Sep;14(9):782.
51. Gyekye MB. Nursing Leadership and Management of Nursing Staff Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Library Journal. 2023 Apr;10(4).e9754.
52. Boudreau C, Rhéaume A. Impact of the Work Environment on Nurse Outcomes: A Mediation Analysis. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2024 Mar;46(3):210-218.
53. Fish JA, Sharplin G, Wang L, An Y, Fan X, Eckert M. Cross-cultural differences in nurse burnout and the relationship with patient safety: An East-West comparative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2022 Apr;78(4):1001-1011.
54. Martin B, Kaminski-Ozturk N, O'Hara C, Smiley R. Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burnout and Stress Among U.S. Nurses. Journal of Nursing Regulation. 2023 Apr;14(1):4-12.
55. Sasso L, Bagnasco A, Catania G, Zanini M, Aleo G, Watson R; RN4CAST@IT Working Group. Push and pull factors of nurses' intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Management. 2019 Jul;27(5):946-954.
56. Nonehkaran EA, Mozaffari N, Iranpour S, Soola AH. Identifying the predictors of turnover intention based on nurse managers' toxic leadership behaviors among nurses in Iran: a cross-sectional correlational study. BMC Health Services Research. 2023 Nov;23(1):1201.
57. Labrague LJ. Influence of nurse managers' toxic leadership behaviours on nurse-reported adverse events and quality of care. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021 May;29(4):855-863.
58. Duong CH, Ho YH, Hoang TKT. Perceived organizational support and its impact on nurses’ intention to stay in Vietnam: Psychological well-being and organizational commitment as mediators. Nursing Practice Today. 2024; 11(3):249-528.
59. Kim M, Oh S. Assimilating to Hierarchical Culture: A Grounded Theory Study on Communication among Clinical Nurses. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 2;11(6):e0156305.
60. Poku CA, Donkor E, Naab F. Impacts of Nursing Work Environment on Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Burnout in Ghana. Nursing Research and Practice. 2022 Feb;2022:1310508.
61. Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nurs Open. 2023 May;10(5):2842-2858.
2. Falatah R, Salem OA. Nurse turnover in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Management. 2018 Sep;26(6):630-638.
3. Brook J, Aitken L, Webb R, MacLaren J, Salmon D. Characteristics of successful interventions to reduce turnover and increase retention of early career nurses: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2019 Mar;91:47-59.
4. Adams R, Ryan T, Wood E. Understanding the factors that affect retention within the mental health nursing workforce: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 2021 Dec;30(6):1476-1497.
5. Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nursing Open. 2023 May;10(5):2842-2858.
6. Wu F, Lao Y, Feng Y, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li L. Worldwide prevalence and associated factors of nursing staff turnover: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nursing Open. 2024 Jan;11(1):e2097.
7. Buchan J, Catton H. Recover to rebuild: investing in the nursing workforce for health system effectiveness. International Council of Nurses; 2023. P. 73. Available at: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/2023-07/ICN_Recover-to-Rebuild_report_EN.pdf.
Accessed February 16, 2025.
8. Boniol M, Kunjumen T, Nair TS, Siyam A, Campbell J, Diallo K. The global health workforce stock and distribution in 2020 and 2030: a threat to equity and 'universal' health coverage? BMJ Global Health. 2022 Jun;7(6):e009316.
9. World Health Organization, 2020. State of the World’s Nursing 2020: Investing in education, jobs and leadership. Available at:
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/331677/9789240003279-eng.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed February 16, 2025.
10. Bae SH, Kim S, Myung H. Mediating effects of workgroup processes on the relationship between nurse turnover and nurse outcomes in hospitals. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023 Nov;11:1255983.
11. Hom PW, Lee TW, Shaw JD, Hausknecht JP. One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2017 Mar;102(3):530-545.
12. Woodward KF, Willgerodt M. A systematic review of registered nurse turnover and retention in the United States. Nursing Outlook. 2022 Jul-Aug;70(4):664-678.
13. Elangovan AR, Kar A, Steinke C. Meaningful moves: A meaning-based view of nurses' turnover. Health Services Management Research. 2022 Feb;35(1):48-56.
14. Bae SH. Noneconomic and economic impacts of nurse turnover in hospitals: A systematic review. International Nursing Review. 2022 Sep;69(3):392-404.
15. Albalawi AM, Pascua GP, Alsaleh, SA, Sabry W, Ahajan SN, Abdulla J, Abdulalim A, Salih SS. Factors influencing nurses turnover in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Nursing Forum. 2024 Jul;2024:4987339.
16. Villamin P, Lopez V, Thapa DK, Cleary M. Retention and turnover among migrant nurses: A scoping review. International Nursing Review. 2024 Sep;71(3):541-555.
17. McIntyre N, Crilly J, Elder E. Factors that contribute to turnover and retention amongst emergency department nurses: A scoping review. International Emergency Nursing. 2024 Jun;74:101437.
18. Ervariawati T, Yetti K, Novieastari E, Kuntarti K. The perception discrepancy of nurse turnover in hospital. Enfermería clínica 2019 Sep;29(S2):780-784.
19. Krein SL, Turnwald M, Anderson B, Maust DT. "Sometimes it's not about the money... it's the way you treat people...": A Qualitative Study of Nursing Home Staff Turnover. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022 Jul;23(7):1178-1184.
20. Choi SPP, Yeung CCY, Lee JKL. A Phenomenological Study of the Work Environment in Long-Term Care Facilities for the Older Adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society. 2020 Jun;39(6):651-659.
21. Randa MB, Phale JM. The effects of high nurses’ turnover on patient care: Perspectives of unit managers in critical care units. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences. 2023 Jun;19:100580.
22. McDermid F, Judy Mannix, Peters K. Factors contributing to high turnover rates of emergency nurses: A review of the literature. Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses. 2020 Jul;33(4):390-396.
23. Bahlman-van Ooijen W, Malfait S, Huisman-de Waal G, Hafsteinsdóttir TB. Nurses' motivations to leave the nursing profession: A qualitative meta-aggregation. Journal of advanced nursing. 2023 Dec;79(12):4455-4471.
24. Green BN, Johnson CD, Adams A. Writing narrative literature reviews for peer-reviewed journals: secrets of the trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2006 Autumn;5(3):101-17.
25. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar;372:n71.
26. CASP Checklist: For Qualitative Research. Available at: https://casp-uk.net/casp-checklists/CASP-checklist-qualitative-2024.pdf Accessed August 10,2024.
27. Thomas J, Harden A. Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2008 Jul;8:45.
28. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews. 2016 Dec;5:210.
29. Bäckström J, Pöder U, Karlsson A. I Was Merely a Brick in the Game: A Qualitative Study on Registered Nurses’ Reasons for Quitting Their Jobs in Hospitals. Journal of Nursing Management. 2024 Mar;2024:6662802.
30. Campbell KA, Van Borek N, Marcellus L, Landy CK, Jack SM; British Columbia Healthy Connections Project Process Evaluation Research Team. "The hardest job you will ever love": Nurse recruitment, retention, and turnover in the Nurse-Family Partnership program in British Columbia, Canada. PLoS One. 2020 Sep;15(9):e0237028.
31. Chachula KM, Myrick F, Yonge O. Letting go: How newly graduated registered nurses in Western Canada decide to exit the nursing profession. Nurse Education Today. 2015 Jul;35(7):912-8.
32. Çamveren H, Arslan Yürümezoğlu H, Kocaman G. Why do young nurses leave their organization? A qualitative descriptive study. International Nursing Review. 2020 Dec;67(4):519-528.
33. Flinkman M, Isopahkala-Bouret U, Salanterä S. Young registered nurses' intention to leave the profession and professional turnover in early career: a qualitative case study. ISRN Nursing. 2013 Aug;2013:916061.
34. Hayward D, Bungay V, Wolff AC, MacDonald V. A qualitative study of experienced nurses' voluntary turnover: learning from their perspectives. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2016 May;25(9-10):1336-1345
35. Kox JHAM, Groenewoud JH, Bakker EJM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Runhaar J, Miedema HS, Roelofs PDDM. Reasons why Dutch novice nurses leave nursing: A qualitative approach. Nurse Education in Practice. 2020 Aug;47:102848.
36. Roth C, Wensing M, Breckner A, Mahler C, Krug K, Berger S. Keeping nurses in nursing: a qualitative study of German nurses' perceptions of push and pull factors to leave or stay in the profession. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):48.
37. Zhu J, Rodgers S, Melia KM. A qualitative exploration of nurses leaving nursing practice in China. Nursing Open. 2014 Dec;2(1):3-13.
38. Zhu H, Xu C, Jiang H, Li M. A qualitative study on the experiences and attributions for resigned nurses with career plateau. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. 2021 May;8(3):325-331.
39. Hu H, Wang C, Lan Y, Wu X. Nurses' turnover intention, hope and career identity: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2022 Feb;21(1):43.
40. Ha TTT, Thuy LT, Thanh DTH. Factors affecting career turnover intention after graduation among nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Central Vietnam. Nursing Practice Today. 2023; 10(3):229-238.
41. Dewanto A, Wardhani V. Nurse turnover and perceived causes and consequences: a preliminary study at private hospitals in Indonesia. BMC Nursing. 2018 Dec;17(Suppl 2):52.
42. Gularte-Rinaldo J, Baumgardner R, Tilton T, Brailoff V. Mentorship ReSPeCT Study: A Nurse Mentorship Program's Impact on Transition to Practice and Decision to Remain in Nursing for Newly Graduated Nurses. Nurse leader. 2023 Apr;21(2):262-267.
43. Ofei AMA, Poku CA, Paarima Y, Barnes T, Kwashie AA. Toxic leadership behaviour of nurse managers and turnover intentions: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC Nursing. 2023 Oct;10;22(1):374.
44. Zhong Y, Ma H, Zhang CC, Jiang QY, Li J, Liao CJ, Liang YF, Shu L. Professional identity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Chinese novice nurses: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan;103(3):e36903.
45. Edmonson C, Zelonka C. Our Own Worst Enemies: The Nurse Bullying Epidemic. Nursing administration quarterly. 2019 Jul/Sep;43(3):274-279.
46. Mabona JF, van Rooyen D, Ten Ham-Baloyi W. Best practice recommendations for healthy work environments for nurses: An integrative literature review. Health SA. 2022 Apr;27:1788.
47. Kowalczuk K, Krajewska-Kułak E, Sobolewski M. Working Excessively and Burnout Among Nurses in the Context of Sick Leaves. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020 Feb;11:285.
48. Zheng J, Feng S, Feng Y, Wang L, Gao R, Xue B. Relationship between burnout and turnover intention among nurses: a network analysis. BMC Nursing. 2024 Dec 18;23(1):921.
49. Kelly LA, Gee PM, Butler RJ. Impact of nurse burnout on organizational and position turnover. Nursing Outlook. 2021 Jan-Feb;69(1):96-102.
50. Turunç Ö, Çalışkan A, Akkoç İ, Köroğlu Ö, Gürsel G, Demirci A, Hazır K, Özcanarslan N. The Impact of Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Burnout Levels on Turnover Intention and the Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Behavioral Sciences. 2024 Sep;14(9):782.
51. Gyekye MB. Nursing Leadership and Management of Nursing Staff Burnout during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Library Journal. 2023 Apr;10(4).e9754.
52. Boudreau C, Rhéaume A. Impact of the Work Environment on Nurse Outcomes: A Mediation Analysis. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 2024 Mar;46(3):210-218.
53. Fish JA, Sharplin G, Wang L, An Y, Fan X, Eckert M. Cross-cultural differences in nurse burnout and the relationship with patient safety: An East-West comparative study. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2022 Apr;78(4):1001-1011.
54. Martin B, Kaminski-Ozturk N, O'Hara C, Smiley R. Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Burnout and Stress Among U.S. Nurses. Journal of Nursing Regulation. 2023 Apr;14(1):4-12.
55. Sasso L, Bagnasco A, Catania G, Zanini M, Aleo G, Watson R; RN4CAST@IT Working Group. Push and pull factors of nurses' intention to leave. Journal of Nursing Management. 2019 Jul;27(5):946-954.
56. Nonehkaran EA, Mozaffari N, Iranpour S, Soola AH. Identifying the predictors of turnover intention based on nurse managers' toxic leadership behaviors among nurses in Iran: a cross-sectional correlational study. BMC Health Services Research. 2023 Nov;23(1):1201.
57. Labrague LJ. Influence of nurse managers' toxic leadership behaviours on nurse-reported adverse events and quality of care. Journal of Nursing Management. 2021 May;29(4):855-863.
58. Duong CH, Ho YH, Hoang TKT. Perceived organizational support and its impact on nurses’ intention to stay in Vietnam: Psychological well-being and organizational commitment as mediators. Nursing Practice Today. 2024; 11(3):249-528.
59. Kim M, Oh S. Assimilating to Hierarchical Culture: A Grounded Theory Study on Communication among Clinical Nurses. PLoS One. 2016 Jun 2;11(6):e0156305.
60. Poku CA, Donkor E, Naab F. Impacts of Nursing Work Environment on Turnover Intentions: The Mediating Role of Burnout in Ghana. Nursing Research and Practice. 2022 Feb;2022:1310508.
61. Pressley C, Garside J. Safeguarding the retention of nurses: A systematic review on determinants of nurse's intentions to stay. Nurs Open. 2023 May;10(5):2842-2858.
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| nurse personnel turnover life experiences qualitative research literature review | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Tomagová M, Kohanová D, Žiaková K. Nurses’ perception of reasons for turnover: Thematic synthesis of qualitative research studies. NPT. 2025;:X-X.
