Emotional eating of adolescent students: A concept analysis
,
Abstract
Background & Aim: Emotional eating is discussed in nursing, including psychiatric and public health nursing, particularly for its behavioral and psychosocial implications at the population level. However, its interpretation and usage can differ significantly across these areas. To enhance the validity of measurements and inform effective interventions in nursing and public health, it is crucial to achieve a clearer understanding of emotional eating. This study aimed to define and clarify the attributes of emotional eating among adolescent students.
Methods & Materials: This study employed Walker and Avant’s eight-step method for concept analysis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Thai and international databases, including ThaiLIS, ThaiJo, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search was guided by keywords such as emotional eating, binge eating, and overeating. Based on predefined criteria, 45 studies published between 2014 and 2023 were selected for analysis.
Results: Emotional eating is defined as the excessive intake of food in response to emotional states, both positive and negative, instead of being driven by physical hunger or social circumstances. The attributes of emotional eating in adolescent students encompass emotional responses, excessive eating, unhealthy food selection, and coping with stress and responding mood management. Antecedents included social-emotional problems, perceived stress, perceived self-efficacy, and eating styles and patterns. Consequences involve changes in physical health and well-being, along with unhealthy eating behaviors and compulsive eating.
Conclusion: The insights gained from this study enhance conceptual understanding for nursing assessments and tailored interventions designed to promote healthier eating practices among adolescent students.
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2. Garaulet M, Gómez-Abellán P, Alburquerque-Béjar JJ, Lee YC, Ordovás JM, Scheer FA. Timing of food intake predicts weight loss effectiveness. International journal of obesity. 2013 Apr;37(4):604-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.229
3. Dakanalis A, Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Papandreou D, Spanoudaki M, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Giaginis C. The association of emotional eating with overweight/obesity, depression, anxiety/stress, and dietary patterns: A review of the current clinical evidence. Nutrients. 2023 Feb 26;15(5):1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051173
4. Jáuregui-Lobera I, Montes-Martínez M. Emotional Eating and Obesity [Internet]. Psychosomatic Medicine. IntechOpen; 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91734
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91734
5. Konttinen H, Van Strien T, Männistö S, Jousilahti P, Haukkala A. Depression, emotional eating and long-term weight changes: A population-based prospective study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2019 Mar 20;16(1):28.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-019-0791-8
6. Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Brach M, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, Bouaziz B, Bentlage E, How D, Ahmed M, Mueller P. Effects of home confinement on mental health and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 outbreak: Insight from the ECLB-COVID19 multicenter study. Biology of Sport. 2021 Mar;38(1):9-21.
https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96857
7. Freitas FDF, de Medeiros ACQ, Lopes FA. Effects of Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Eating Behavior-A Longitudinal Study. Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 1;12:645754.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645754
8. Chamberlin, et al., 2018; Chamberlin A, Nguyen-Rodriguez S, Gray VB, Reiboldt W, Peterson C, Spruijt-Metz D. Academic-related factors and emotional eating in adolescents. Journal of School Health. 2018 Jul;88(7):493-499
https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12638
9. Godor BP, Uysal R, van der Poel A, Jansen P. Exploring potential differential relationships between social anxiety and emotional eating amongst normative vs. academically gifted students. Gifted and Talented International. 2020 Jul 2;35(2):100-9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15332276.2021.1880302
10. Bernabéu E, Marchena C, Iglesias MT. Factor structure and psychometric properties of Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in Spanish colleges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Dec;17(23):9090.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239090
11. Kalogiratou DS, Bacopoulou F, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Vlachakis D, Gerakini O, Chrousos GP, Darviri C. Greek validation of emotional eating scale for children and adolescents. Journal of Molecular Biochemistry. 2019;8(1):26.
12. Meule A, Reichenberger J, Blechert J. Development and preliminary validation of the Salzburg Stress Eating Scale. Appetite. 2018 Jan 1;120:442-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.003
13. Sosa-Cordobés E, García-Padilla FM, Ortega-Galán ÁM, Sánchez-Alcón M, Garrido-Fernández A, Ramos-Pichardo JD. Psychometric properties of the emotional eater questionnaire in university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Sep 2;19(17):10965.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710965
14. Swanson M, Wong ST, Martin‐Misener R, Browne AJ. The role of registered nurses in primary care and public health collaboration: a scoping review. Nursing Open. 2020 Jul;7(4):1197-207.
https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.496
15. Meleis A. Theoretical nursing: development & progress. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer; 2012.
16. Gunawan J, Aungsuroch Y, Marzilli C. Beyond the classics: A comprehensive look at concept analysis methods in nursing education and research. Belitung Nursing Journal. 2023 Oct 26;9(5):406-10.
https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.2544
17. Walker L, Avant K. Strategies for theory construction in nursing. 6th ed. New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall; 2019.
18. Lu Q, Tao F, Hou F, Zhang Z, Ren LL. Emotion regulation, emotional eating and the energy-rich dietary pattern. A population-based study in Chinese adolescents. Appetite. 2016 Apr 1;99:149-56.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.011
19. Klosowska J, Verbeken S, Braet C, De Henauw S, Michels N. Emotion regulation moderates the associations of food parenting and adolescent emotional eating. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2022 Sep;54(9):808-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2022.05.002
20. Schneider-Worthington CR, Smith KE, Roemmich JN, Salvy SJ. External food cue responsiveness and emotional eating in adolescents: A multimethod study. Appetite. 2022 Jan 1;168:105789.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105789
21. Coulthard H, Sharps M, Cunliffe L, van den Tol A. Eating in the lockdown during the Covid 19 pandemic; self-reported changes in eating behaviour, and associations with BMI, eating style, coping and health anxiety. Appetite. 2021 Jun 1;161:105082.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.105082
22. Wijnant K, Klosowska J, Braet C, Verbeken S, De Henauw S, Vanhaecke L, Michels N. Stress responsiveness and emotional eating depend on youngsters' chronic stress level and overweight. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 19;13(10):3654.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103654
23. Joseph PL, Gonçalves C, Fleary SA. Psychosocial correlates in patterns of adolescent emotional eating and dietary consumption. PloS One. 2023 May 24;18(5):e0285446.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285446
24. Burnatowska E, Surma S, Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M. Relationship between mental health and emotional eating during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2022 Sep 26;14(19):3989.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14193989
25. Sirivattanaket P, Sukkai T, Thongchai P. Factors are affecting to emotional eating in adolescent. Journal of Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital. 2016 Dec; 12(2): 91-106. [in Thai]
26. Onur EE, K. Muslu G, Manav G. Examining the relationship between subjective wellbeing and emotional eating in adolescents in Turkey. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 2022 Aug;35(3):257-66.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12373
27. Efe YS, Özbey H, Erdem E, Hatipoğlu N. A comparison of emotional eating, social anxiety and parental attitude among adolescents with obesity and healthy: A case-control study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2020 Dec 1;34(6):557-62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.09.007
28. Erdem E, Efe YS, Özbey H. A predictor of emotional eating in adolescents: Social anxiety. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 2023 Apr 1;43:71-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.12.016
29. Czepczor-Bernat K, Modrzejewska J, Porczyńska-Ciszewska A, Modrzejewska A, Bieńkowska I, Matusik P. Dyadic predictors of willing to engage in physical activity and emotional eating in children and adolescents with mild and moderate intellectual disability. Nutrients. 2023 May 17;15(10):2343.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102343
30. Wu J, Willner CJ, Hill C, Fearon P, Mayes LC, Crowley MJ. Emotional eating and instructed food-cue processing in adolescents: An ERP study. Biological Psychology. 2018 Feb 1;132:27-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.10.012
31. Ripoli C, Ricciardi MR, Zuncheddu E, Angelo MR, Pinna AP, Ripoli D. Emotional eating and disordered eating behaviors in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Scientific Reports. 2022 Dec 17;12(1):21854.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26271-2
32. Bektas M, Bektas I, Selekoğlu Y, Kudubes AA, Altan SS, Ayar D. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Emotional Eating Scale for children and adolescents. Eating Behaviors. 2016 Aug 1;22:217-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.021
33. Martin K, Woo J, Timmins V, Collins J, Islam A, Newton D, Goldstein BI. Binge eating and emotional eating behaviors among adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2016 May 1;195:88-95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.030
34. Zahrah NI, Fanani M, Ardyanto TD. The relationship between emotional eating, meal skipping and unhealthy food consumption pattern in adolescent girls. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health. 2023 Mar;18(1):47-58.
https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v18i1.2023.47-58
35. Skolmowska D, Głąbska D, Guzek D. Body mass and emotional eating: Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) in the Polish adolescents' COVID-19 experience (PLACE-19) study. Nutrients. 2022 Feb;14(4):828.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040828
36. Zerón-Rugerio MF, Hernáez Á, Cambras T, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Emotional eating and cognitive restraint mediate the association between sleep quality and BMI in young adults. Appetite. 2022 Dec;170:105899.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105899
37. Liu H, Yang Q, Luo J, Ouyang Y, Sun M, Xi Y, et al. Association between emotional eating, depressive symptoms and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms in college students: A cross-sectional study in Hunan. Nutrients. 2020 May;12(6):1595.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061595
38. De Oliveira Penaforte FR, Minelli MCS, Anastácio LR, Japur CC. Anxiety symptoms and emotional eating are independently associated with sweet craving in young adults. Psychiatry Research. 2018 Dec;271:715-20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.070
39. Rachmawati Y, Anantanyu S, Kusnandar K. Emotional eating, snacking behavior and nutritional status among adolescents. International Journal of Public Health Science. 2019 Dec;8(4):413-8.
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| Issue | Vol 12 No 4 (2025): Autumn | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/npt.v12i4.19656 | |
| Keywords | ||
| adolescent; concept analysis; emotional eating; students | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Sarnkhaowkhom C, Glangkarn S, Bourneow C, Suwathanpornkul I. Emotional eating of adolescent students: A concept analysis. NPT. 2025;12(4):444-457.
