Frailty assessment instruments used among Iranian older adults: A scoping review
Abstract
Background & Aim: Frailty is a common but heterogeneous geriatric syndrome, and numerous instruments have been developed for its assessment. Although several have been applied to older adults in Iran, their use has not been comprehensively mapped. This scoping review aimed to map frailty assessment instruments used among Iranian older adults and describe their characteristics and patterns of use.
Methods & Materials: Following the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley and reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SID, and Magiran, supplemented by Google Scholar and reference-list screening. Primary studies involving adults aged ≥60 years in Iran that used a specific instrument or approach to assess frailty were eligible for inclusion. Studies published in Persian or English with accessible full text were considered, regardless of publication date.
Results: Of 719 records identified, 77 studies met the eligibility criteria, identifying 13 instruments. The Fried Frailty Phenotype was most frequently used (31 studies; 40.3%), followed by the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (17; 22.1%) and Frailty Index (8; 10.4%); most instrument applications were community-based (54; 67.5%). Only nine instruments had independent psychometric evaluation in Iran (13 studies), while the FRAIL Scale, Clinical Frailty Scale, PRISMA-7, and Frailty Index for Elders had none. The Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument-Plus covered the broadest range of frailty domains among the identified instruments but was infrequently used in Iranian studies.
Conclusion: Frailty assessment in Iran relies mainly on the physical phenotype tool in community-dwelling older adults, with limited multidimensional coverage. No instrument was developed for this population, and several widely used tools lack local validation. Tool choice should match the assessment's purpose, and future studies should cover under-researched settings such as hospitals and nursing homes.
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| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| assessment tools; frailty; geriatric assessment; Iran; older adults; scoping review | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Imani M, Nobahar M. Frailty assessment instruments used among Iranian older adults: A scoping review. Nurs. pract. today. 2026;:X-X.
