No Abstract

Background & aim: Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) are complications of complex etiology associated with newborn morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to explore smoking and other social factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in women of childbearing ages
Methods & Materials: The cross-sectional survey involved 1273 women were conducted in Sivas center, Turkey, between September 2013 and May 2014. Multiple linear regression models were performed to demonstrate the significant factors associated with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW).
Results: Multivariate analysis significantly showed that having a low educational level (odds ratio, OR = 4.25 for PTB and OR = 4.93 for LBW), being unemployed (OR = 2.08 only for PTB), being a smoker (OR = 1.37 for PTB and OR = 1.67 for LBW), being a multiparous women (OR = 2.59 for PTB and OR = 3.79 for LBW) and having a low income level (OR = 1.53 only for LBW) were the factors associated with the PTB/LBW.
Conclusion: Smoking as modifiable risk factors and other socio-economical factors should be addressed for the main goal of improving womens’ health. From this point, health-promoting implementations are important to encourage and support women to stop smoking before or on early stage of their pregnancies especially in those lower educated and those from lower socio-economic conditions to reduce PTB and LBW.

Background & Aim: We aimed to assess the relationship between job rotation and the psychological empowerment of nurses working in the teaching hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2016. Its population consists of 1000 nurses working in the teaching hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 277 of them were selected as sample size using random sampling method. Spritzer’s psychological empowerment questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure nurses’ view to job rotation efficacy.
Results: In this study, 75% and 25% of nurses were female and male, respectively with mean age of 32.6 (SD=2.26). The mean score of nurses’ psychological empowerment in competence, autonomy, effectiveness, significance and trust was obtained, 12.68, 13.2, 14.5, 14.23 and 14.9, respectively. In addition, the mean score of overall psychological empowerment was obtained 69.51 while the mean score of job rotation efficacy was obtained 61.2. An also results showed that job rotation efficacy in the nurses of the studied hospital is related with psychological empowerment.
Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the efficacies of job rotation in nursing staff working in the studied hospitals are not independent from their psychological empowerment.

Introduction: Sexual health educationcan enable the people to improve their sexual behaviors. This study aimed to examine the impact of sexual education program on improving sexual behavior among  married women in Southern Tehran.
Methods &Materials: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 130 women took part in two groups of  intervention and control (each one 65 individuals). The intervention group complied with two 180 -minute training sessions. Data were gathered from two groups at initial of the study and 3- month follow up through demographic questionnaire and scale of women sexual function and were analyzed with independent and paired T tests.
Findings: Totally 65 women took part with mean age of 35.6 ± 7.75 and 35.15± 6.85 in two groups of intervention and control respectively. At first, there were no significant differences between   two groups in terms of demographic characteristics and score of sexual function scale. However, after three months the sexual behaviors of intervention group (28.14 ± 3.44  were significantly much better than control group 22.79 ± 6.60  (p <0/0001).
Conclusion: Sexual health training can improve sexual function in women. However sexual health training of women could be important approaches for improving the sexual function of women and  is recommended.

Background & Aim: Burnout is an important reason behind reduced performance, which is not only related to employees’ mental health but also their productivity. Thus, identifying the factors affecting it can significantly prevent it and promote the level of services provided. The goal of this research was to assess burnout among female employees of Tehran’s urban community health centers.
Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-analytic study, 239 female employees were selected through stratified clustered sampling from a statistical population. Demographic information was collected by a researcher – made questionnaire and the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests.
Results: Based on the results, 11.3% of the employees experienced high levels of emotional exhaustion, 2.5% experienced high levels of depersonalization, and 5.4% experienced a reduced personal accomplishment. There were significant associations between the dimensions of burnout (p<0.05). Emotional exhaustion was significantly associated with place of service; depersonalization was significantly associated with age, number of births, physical activity and husband’s occupation; and lack of personal accomplishment was significantly associated with age, type of occupation, numbers of pregnancies and numbers of births (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The high level of reduced personal accomplishment, as opposed to the status of the other dimensions of burnout was considerable. Given that some of the factors affecting it are changeable, the execution of certain programs for professional promotion in employed individuals and improvement of workplace conditions can play important roles in reducing the resultant harm of burnout.

Background & Aim: providing an organ for donation is a fundamental issue, but the rate of donation in our country is not favorable. Having awareness, attitude and performance to the organ donation are essential for groups that affected public opinion. The information and knowledge teachers provide for students is the basis for the future attitude toward this topic. The aim of the present study was to examine the awareness, attitude, and performance of teachers toward organ donation.
Materials and Methods: the research method was descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample of research were 340 teachers in Torbat-e Heidariyeh in 1396. Data collection instruments were researcher-made valid and reliable questionnaire which was used to assess demographic information, awareness, attitude and performance of individuals. Data were analyzed by using Spss 22 software, descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: the mean age of participants were 41/7±8/01and about 68/2 % of them had bachelor's degree. 91/2 % of them did not participate in the course related to the donation. The mean score of awareness, attitude, and participation were 12/66±2/92, 98/08±10/39and 2/78±1/57 respectively. There were significant relationships among awareness, attitude and teachers performance about organ donation with age, teaching experience, education levels, teaching levels, disciplines of teaching and experience of participation in the course (P <0.05), but there was no significant relationship with gender.
Conclusion: despite the average awareness and favorable attitude towards organ donation, unfortunately, there was no proper performance toward donation. This qualification was related to demographic features of individuals. These finding suggesting a focus on educational and advertising program for teachers that play an important role in changing the existing opinion to organ donation in students, families, and society.