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Background & Aim: Today, one of the leading causes of pathogenicity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis is their failure to follow the treatment plan. The present research was con- ducted to compare effects of patient-centered  education with family-centered  education on adher- ence with the treatment program.
Methods & Materials: This clinical trial was performed between May and October 2012 in hemo- dialysis ward of Imam Khomeini and Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran, Iran. Research samples were60 patients aged 18-65 years old, randomly assigned into two groups: Training the patients (30 pa-tients) and training the patients and one of close family member (30 people). Using a researcher made questionnaire,  patients’ adherence (diet, pharmaceutical  regimen, and physical activity) was examined by the self-reporting method in three stages (before intervention, 2 and 4 weeks after in- tervention). Data were analyzed using independent t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher tests using SPSS software version 16.
Results: Prior to intervention, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of adherence to diet program (P = 0.200, mean difference 25.8 ± 25.7), to pharmaceutical  regimen (P  =  0.600,  mean  difference  1.96  ±  0.61),  and  physical  activity  (P  =  0.700  mean  difference1.33 ± 0.66). After 2 weeks family-centered education group had significantly more adherence to the diet program (P = 0.001, mean difference 43.1 ± 11.1), pharmaceutical  regimen (P = 0.040, mean difference 2.72 ± 0.5) and physical activity (P = 0.035, mean difference 2.41 ± 0.89), and total ad- herence score (P = 0.030) in comparison with patient-centered education group. After 4 weeks, just the   adherence   to  pharmaceutical   regimen   showedn a significant difference between groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the family-centered  education is more effective than patient-centered education on patients’ adherence to the therapeutic program particularly phar- maceutical regimen, which suggests, by having family-centered education in hemodialysis patients, the outcome could be improved.

Background & Aim: Spiritual care is an integral part of a holistic nursing care. Providing spiritual care has a positive impact on patients’ health outcomes. Although nurses understand the importance of incorporating  patient’s  spiritual  beliefs  into the care practice,  understanding  their  spirituality before addressing the spirituality of patients is also important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine where there was a change in the undergraduate nursing students’ perceptions of spiritu- ality care following a spirituality teaching unit in the Bachelor of Nursing course delivered in the Australian context.
Methods & Materials: A total of 113 nursing students completed the pre- and post-survey. The validated 32-items World Health Organization Quality of Life-Spirituality, Religiosity, and Person- al Belief (SPRB) questionnaire were used in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test.
Results: There were significant differences in students’ perceptions of SRPB in all eight dimen- sions and total spirituality score. Significant differences were also found in students’ perceptions of the SRPB scores by religious beliefs (P < 0.0005) and personal beliefs (P < 0.0005), indicating students with strong religious and personal beliefs had strong SRPB scores.
Conclusion: The integration of spirituality education in the undergraduate nursing program provid- ed insights on spiritual teaching in nursing education.

Background  & Aim: Nurses professional values are standards for action and provide a frame- work for evaluating behaviors. This paper is the report of a study designed to assess the psycho- metric  properties  of  the  Turkish  version  of  the  Nurses  Professional  Values  Scale-Revised (NPVS-R).
Methods & Materials: This methodological study was carried out a university hospital in Izmir, the third most populous city in Turkey. The sample consisted of 228 nurses, who were recruited from January to August 2008. Data were collected with a socio-demographic form (11 questions) and the Turkish version of the NPVS-R (26 items). Many researchers in various countries have used NPVS-R to identify the professional values of nurses or nursing students. Content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and reliability were assessed. A P < 0.050 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Responses to the NPVS-R were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analy- sis. Principal  components  analysis  with varimax  rotation  and Kaiser  normalization  resulted  in four-factor solution explaining 52.41% of the common variance, and four factors named profes- sionalism, caring, activism, and trust. Findings supported internal consistency reliability of four factors with alpha coefficients from 0.72 to 0.86 and a total scale alpha coefficient of 0.92. Total- item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.38 to 0.71.
Conclusion: The study findings showed that the Turkish version of the NPVS-R has a good struc- tural characteristic and is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used for measuring profes- sional values.

Background  & Aim: Childbirth related fear (CRF) causes pregnant women  to select cesarean section (CS) without a medical reason. The purpose of this study was to determine reasons for delivery related fear and associated factors in pregnant women.
Methods & Materials: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 315 pregnant wom- en who were in the last trimester. Participants were randomly recruited from an outpatient clinic of a state hospital in Çanakkale, Turkey, between March and May 2012. Data were collected using a socio-demographic  information  form and CRF  information  questionnaire.  Descriptive  statistics and chi-square test were performed to identify the frequency of delivery related fear and associat- ed factors. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, frequency, and chi-square test using SPSS version 16.
Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 26.67 ± 5.62 years and the mean gestational week of the women was 34.02 ± 4.22. Of 315 women, 53.7% had CS, 30.8% had vaginal birth, 34% had prenatal education, 69.8% had knowledge about birth, 66% were influenced by prenataleducation positively, 62.5% had delivery-related  fear, and 27% of them stated that this fear was related to loss of their babies. About 40% of the women talked to their mothers about childbirth and 70.2% of these women were affected positively by these conversations, 24.1% of the women heard about bad birth experiences,  and 69.7% of the women were affected negatively by these experiences. There was a significant relationship between delivery related fear and age, education, income,  the  number  of  pregnancies,  problems  in  pregnancy,  planning  of  pregnancy,  prenatal health monitoring visits, getting information related to birth, being influenced by this information, talking about birth with people, and hearing about bad birth experiences (P < 0.050).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that pregnant women need to get appropriate information from health professionals to deal with CRF.

Background & Aim: Berg balance scale (BBS) is one of the most applied tests to identify high-risk elderly people for fall. Fall is a common health problem among community senior citizens. A diag- nostic test to identify high-risk elderly people can prevent or alleviate falls. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of BBS to predict falls among elderly community dwellers.
Methods  &  Materials:  This  cross-sectional  study  was  conducted  among  elderly  community dwellers in Shahroud, Semnan Providence, Iran. In this study, 1312 elderly individuals were regis- tered for the study, 455 of them were randomly selected as qualified participants. This study is a validity investigation on BBS among elderly community dwellers. To validate the BBS, research- ers assessed validity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative LR (LR−).
Results: The findings of this study showed that 243 subjects were male, and 212 subjects were female. The mean age of subjects were 71.45 ± 9.25 years. This study showed sensitivity  and specificity of 0.63 and 0.97, respectively. According to the findings of the study, LR+ and LR− were calculated as 9.57 and 0.39, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the study are in harmony with the hypothesis to design the test, i.e. BBS have the acceptable accuracy to identify high-risk community elderly people for falls. How- ever, other influential factors such as personal and environmental variables are necessary to con- sider for prediction of falls.